| Immunological detection based on the interactions of antigen/antibody has been used widely. It can be used in disease diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, pathogenesis research. However, traditional methods, such as immuno-precipitation, ELISA, cannot meet the fast and high throughput analysis need in modern life science and medicine. Protein microarray is regarded as an important tool because of its advantages in high throughput, high sensitivity, and simple use. Protein microarray is a powerful tool used to investagate the interactions of protein-protein. One of the key problems about protein microarray is how to retain the activity of protein when it is immobilized in the array. In this paper, four modification methods of glass slides used for preparing protein microarray were discussed: glutaraldehyde modification, agarose film coated, mercapto-group modofication, and poly-l-lysine modification. The effects of the modification methods on the immobilization efficiency and on the activity were discussed to optimalization the preparating condition of protein array. The application of protein microarray in TORCH (short for Toxoplasmagondii,Others, Rubellavirus, Cytomegalovirus,Herpessimples Virus) infection diagnosis was also investigated. Protein microarray is also used in cell detection to determine the cell surface antigens with human red cells and blood group antibodies as the experimental system. To improve the combination efficiency, antibodies used for cell detection were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, poly-l-lysine, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The experimental work provided a foundation for detecting different cells in one sample at the same time.Nanoparticles have been used wildly in bio-detection. Gold nanoparticles attracted more and more interest because of their specific character. Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) is a new research area in biomolecule detection. Gold nanoparticles were used in HRS system for analysis the interaction of antibody-antigen in aqueous solution. The special colour and the conductivity of gold nanoparticals have been used in immunity histochemistry and DNA hybridization. However, the non-linear optical properties of nanoparticles have been studied less, especially in bio-detection. Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) is a new research area in biomolecule detection. Gold nanoparticles were used in HRS system for analyzing the interaction of antibody-antigen in aqueous solution. The major contributions were described as follows:1. Modification methods of glass slides in preparation of protein microarray (1) The glass slides were modified with four different methods: glutaraldehyde modification, agarose film coated, mercapto-group modofication, and poly-l-lysine modification. The modified glass slide surfaces were physically analyzed with AFM and an optical bench-type contact angle gonimeter. The results shows that the slides modified with poly-L-lysin or glutaraldehyde have the contact angle of 34o,while the pure slide has the contactangle of 4o. The result of AFM shows that the slide modified with agarose has a 3-dimension configuration which has the biggest surface area.(2) The capacity of protein immobilization is studied by two methods: one is direct and the other is indirect. In direct methods, Cy3-labeled IgG was spotted on the modified glasses. In indirect methods, human-IgG was spotted on the glass and incubated with Cy3-IgG. The results were obtained by comparing the fluoresecent intensities. The results indicated that the glass modified with argrose has 30% higher capacity than that modified with glutaraldehyde. (3) The saturation of protein immobilized on glass slides was evaluated by spotting human-IgG in different concerntrations and incubated with Cy3-IgG. The results indicated that the glass slide modified with agrose has the strongest ability to combine Protein.2. Protein microarray in TORCH infection diagnosisProtein microarrays for detection of TORCH antibodies in human sera were fabricated by pr...
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