| Background and Objective: Inner structure can be "viewed" by Ultrasound without opening organ, but the complexity and irregularity of body organ morphology can't be explained only by means of the two dimensional(2D) slice image which is similar to a section of organ. Three dimensional(3D) ultrasonic imaging will no doubt be an important complement for comprehension of stereo organs observed by 2-D imaging.Heart is a moving cavum organ with more complicated structure than any other cavum organs such as gall and urinary bladder, and the 3D rendering of moving organs is more difficult than that of static organs. Eye is a static organ with complicated structure and a variety of disease categories. Limited by 3D technology, the past researches and applications were mostly involved in abdominal static organs. The recently developed real-time 3D ultrasonic imaging is an advanced technique which can help to the insight of anatomic pathological changes.Transesophageas and transthoracic two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) are ideal methods to monitor transcatheter closure of cardiac defect. But spatial visualization of morphology, surrounding structure, device movement and modeling are urgently required clinically to improve the success rate of occlusion and prognosis. Stereo ophthalmic intraocular structure and stereo relation of adjacent tissue will help to provide rapidly and complete information for the diagnosis, treatment and operational scheme.According to clinical requirements and new real-time 3D ultrasonic imaging, the study was divided into two parts. The first was to explore the correlation between three dimensional echocardiography(3DE) imaging and organ structure,and to evaluate the 3D imaging guided procedure of transcatheter closure in atrial septal defect(ASD), ventricular septal defect(VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus(PAD) before, during and after the operation. The second was to render anatomic and pathological ophthalmic structure by real-time 3D, and to assess 3D's value to the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.PART ONEMethods: Consecutive patients with single secundum navel ASD, single VSD and PDA were examined with two dimensional echocardiography(2DE),3DE and color Doppler flow Imaging(CDFI) one day before the operation. Cardiac angiography, roentgenoscophy, 2DE, 3DE and CDF1 were performed during the operation. All patients were examined with 3DE after the operation. The results of observation by different methods were compared with those from the operation.Before the operation, site, type, shape, size, margin and distance of margin to adjacent organ of the defect, valvular and chorda tendinae adhension were observed. During and after the operation, site, shape, size, remodeling and motion of occluder devices were observed to determine whether devices had tiny movements, fall-off, residual defects, or interfer valvular closing and openning. 3DE had two modes: live-3D and Full volume. Monitoring and measurements were performed by cardiovascular angiography in closure process.Defects, shunts and shunt volumes, residual shunts and regurgitation were observed by 2DE and 3DE after occluder closure.Quantitative data were presented as mean+SD. Measurements by different methods were compared by paired Student's t test after ANOVA testing. Relations between two variables were assessed by linear regression analysis. Differences were considered to be statistically significant if the P value was <0.05, and no significant difference if P>.05.RESULTS1. ASD's shapes by 3DE were ellipse in 15 cases and round in 2, but the shapes by 2DE were ellipse in 14 and round in 3.2. Devices were visualized as double round disc with connecting cylinder waist. Larger device's disc of ASD were pseudo-imaged as "8" shape in some views by 3DE.3. After ASD occluder closure, no abnormal echo attached to the surface of device were clearly visualized, In 14 cases the devices' discs were parallel on two sides of septum, which were in good remodeling and had no movement, no obstructio...
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