| Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone with highest incidence. It often occurs in juvenile and young people, and more frequently in male. Its pathological characteristics are as follow: sarcoma cells producing plenty of osteoid tissues, early distant metastasis, and the leading cause of mortality is pulmonary metastases. Traditional therapy mainly includes amputation of extremity, but the survival rate within 5 years is only 5~15% under pure surgery method; Nevertheless the patients suffering from pulmonary metastases will die within 6 months generally. Recently, owing to chemotherapy, prompt diagnosis, and operation performed strictly according to the surgery stage, the curative effect has improved to some extent. But the result is still unsatisfied in total, especially to those who accompanied with remote metastases. The researches of OSA are always the emphasis and difficulty in clinical and fundamental studies, therefore the early diagnosis of OSA and searching a kind of therapy which is specific, high effective and fewer side effects has become an important issue. So, it has a very important meaning to understand the formation and development of osteosarcoma in the genetic and protein level. In recent years, structural analyse and protein expression studies on protooncogene(pro-onc) (ras, myc, fos, bcl-2, met, et al.) and antioncogene(anti-onc) (Rb, P53, P21, et al.) showed that multi-abnormity of genes may occue in osteosarcoma, and different patients have different genetic abnormity. The ubiquity abnormities of chromosome, protooncogene and antioncogene exist in osteosarcoma cells illuminated that the formation of osteosarcoma related to many protooncogene and antioncogene mutations. Since the formation of osteosarcoma is related to multi-factors, the research should not limited on one or a few genes and proteins, but thousands of genes and proteins that kept changing in every phase of the mutation process of the whole genome. Traditional ways of gene and protein study focus on certain gene and protein, and are static and partial. When the method face complicate, dynamic, multi-gene interaction tumor diseases, the incapable of these ways showed. The rapid advance of human genome project (HGP) showed us thousands of gene sequence that we do not know before. The publish of the first draft of human genome atlas showed us the delicacy of human genome structure, but also raise the problem of comparatively fewer of the gene number contrast to delicacy and levity of life phenomenal. This contrast lead us to realize that gene is only the carrier of heritage information. It is far not enough to expatiate life activity rules with only understanding of the structure of genome. The research of genome has shifted from structural to functional, and the research barycenter has shifted from disclosing heritage information to understanding of the function of gene in an integrated level. Facing millions of gene expression manners and intricate adjustment of expression signals in cell, traditional research methods such as Northern Blot, dot cross bred and electrophoresis based gene expression and sequence analysis etc. which focusing one or a few proteins or gene, are no longer suit the research needs.As the imminent of post-genetic era, gene chip and proteome technologies are catching more and more attention of the researchers' in recent years, and they have shown great power in solving important biological problems.Microarray technology, namely biochip, includes tissue microarray, DNA microarray, cDNA microarray and so on. On the other hand, DNA microarray and cDNA microarray are also named together as gene chip, whose basic principle is molecular hybridization. It makes gene analysis possible of which is large scale, parallel, small size, and automation. Simultaneously, the result of the research is more objective, more precise. These important characteristics have brought a series of achievements, which can't be attained before. Main applications...
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