| Risk society had been coming since 16 centuries, so we should establish social securities to defeat it.But in our country, early before new China was set up, the government ordered our companies and government organizations to be responsible for their employees' whole life, such as their birth, agedness, wound, illness, death and so on. In that case, all of "non-peasants" became "Unit persons". Though the system was destroyed in the period of "culture revolution", the conception of "Unit person" was never changed. What was worse, it was aggravated because of the existence of the dual economic and social structure between town and country. In 1984, the reform of city's economy began. It necessary to build a new medical insurance should fit in with the economic transition. In 1986, the reform in town started, and then in 1994 we selected zhen jiang and jiu jiang cities as trial pots. Four years later, it was generalized over the whole nation. On the other hand, the low-level and wide medical insurance in the countryside changed. The emerged problems are as follows: the cooperative health service was reduced, the country entering the cooperative health care declined from 90% to 5%. In1989, the statistic percent of that country was 4.8%. Form then on, the peasants in whole nation paid for their medical care. Peasants had great difficulties in seeing doctors, and part of peasants fell into a vicious circle between illness and poverty. In belief, the dual medical insurance has a dual character. It acts on the following aspects. First, Few peasants remain to enter the cooperative health service, so most of the peasants pay for their medical care by the accumulation of their own family incomes. However, the workers in the town enjoy free medical service and benefit from the medical insurance; second, the duality in different occupations. The level of medical insurance differs from each other. As a result of their different industries, different companies have different conditions. Third, the fund comes from the nation's finance, company tax and personal fee. To some extend, the dual medical insurance relates closely to the dual structure of Chinese economy. With the development of the economy, the first industry's proportion declined whereas the second and the third industry rose which resulted in the income difference. Furthermore, the income in country is much lower than in town. According to data of the World Bank, it is not common that the rate of income between town and country is over 2:1, but in China it is over 3:1 in 2003, what's more, the trend will be most aggravated. Meanwhile, the dual medical insurance relates closely to the duality in Chinese social structure as well. The dual social structure is a common phenomenon in all the countries during the period of social transition. The social transition leads to the dual social and economic structure inevitably, and thus when the economy develops, especially the development of industrialization and urbanization. China will achieve a dualistic structure corresponding to it .The medical insurance has a duality. The dual medical insurance has double functions. The authority of functionalism Robert Merton thought that the function in sociology dates from biology .Its meaning is remaining the creature's life .He not only put forward the 'single function' which was raised by Parsons but also put forward 'dysfunctions' which was at the same stage of 'positive' from his part the dysfunction and positive function had the same effect on social system. So it can be used in social transition. We can draw two conclusions from the dualistic medical insurance according to the double sides of functions. On one hand the medical insurance has a positive function. The theory of conflict believes that the essence of the social structure's change is the conflict between the power group and the weak colony, so the social security must act well on supporting positive functions to avoid the vicious result of the conflict.50 years la...
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