| China's hospital pharmacy is now changing over from extensive to intensive management and its focus is changed from drug supply to scientific administration and clinical pharmacy. Currently it is facing fierce competition within the industry and increasing academic demands. Developments in computer networks and information technology have quickened the progress. It has become a top priority task for hospital pharmacy managers to improve the efficiency of the drug supply chain and to establish and use a flexible and highly-efficient decision-making support system. In recent years, thanks to the establishment and development of hospital information systems, information about drug management and disposal such as drug purchase, supply, storage, regulation and drug consultation can be searched on computer networks, an initial drug management information system centering on primary operations has been established and the development of hospital pharmacy has been promoted. However, compared to developed countries, our disadvantages in the application of information technologies (such as e-commerce based drug purchase, clinical drug allocation, single-dose automatic packaging, bar code scanning and checking, and decision-making support systems on clinical drug use) are more and more obvious . Clinicians and pharmacists are in an urgent need of a comprehensive pharmaceutical decision-making support system out of their constant searches for factual evidence on rational and irrational drug use. The existing system software is facing the risk of being eliminated due to business reengeneering and academic achievements;a patient-oriented hospital pharmacy information system which centers on pharmaceutical care has yet to be clarified and established;pharmaceutical professionals have not done overall studies on the theories and methodologies of hospital pharmacy information systems. This paper uses systemic methods based on objective management to analyze empirical models in the light of work practice and expounds theories and methods of hospital pharmacy information system engineering.Part I Theoretical Foundations of Hospital Pharmacy Information System & Target Framework Studies1. By looking into the development history of hospital information system and the demands of an Internet era and incorporating changes in hospital pharmacy and its requirements, it is found out that the traditional management information system will face the risk of being eliminated due to business reengeneering and rapid academic transformation. If efforts are made to preserve the concepts and models of traditional hospital pharmacy management information systems, the development objectives of hospital pharmacy will be narrowed and simplified, and the transformation towards patient-oriented pharmaceutical care will not be facilitated. Therefore, the necessity of building a late-model hospital pharmacy information system is suggested.2. Analyze and distinguish ideas connected to hospital pharmacy information: pharmaceutical information, pharmaceutical intelligence, drug information and hospital pharmaceutical information. Put forward a definition for the hospital pharmacy information system, namely, "a comprehensive, real time and automatic business management and information service system that is patient-oriented and based on hospital information systems, makes use of modern computer networks and information technologies and carries out comprehensive management and informational disposal of all activities within the field of hospital pharmacy". Systemic discussions on the fundamental theories and connotations of the research are made.3. The development objectives of the hospital pharmacy information system are put forward, that is, " by way of establishing a regional multilevel interconnected pharmaceutical information comprehensive service system, the management efficiency of hospital pharmacy will be improved, the service quality of hospital pharmacy will be guaranteed, the social competitiveness of pharmaceutical staff will be upgraded, the communication between the medical industry and governments will be reinforced, and the in-depth implementation of consistent pharmaceutical care will be boosted. Having depicted the framework of development objectives, we build a model for objective management by using target decomposition and systemic methods.4. Make use of empirical analysis of model structure and demands, and establish information system software development and application researches centering on online drug purchase, bar code technology application, pharmaceutical information services and management decision-making support. Part II Drug supply chain system research aims at the optimizing of work flow1. Aimed to the existing problems and development trends in current medical circulation filed, our task group brings forward the proposal of establishing medical electrical business platform through the development and application of drug supply chain system based on the third party medical electrical business system. Based on this foundation, medical circulation information solution will be provided and implemented to adapt to the necessity of current medical circulation system reform and industry information.2. Based on the SOAP and MIDAS technology in internet and LAN, with the adoption of technologies such as latest database management system Oracle9i and high-end development tools JAVA script, Delphi7 and PowerBuilder9.0, medical supply chain management system which is made up by medical electrical business platform, data medical base system and null objective management system has been developed and applied. Medical supply chain management system which includes modules such as medical enterprise information system, data interface, electrical business platform, digital medical warehouse and null storage objective management system has been established.3. The technologic apparition results of the experts show: this research takes the initial to put forward and implement the entire information solution plan of medical circulation field, the technology and management mode adopted by which possesses domestic leading level. Concrete project has been applied in Shanghai Changhai Hospital and fifteen medical management enterprises for 2yr, which has optimized work flow, has reduced 6 million yuan drug storage and has created economic benefits of 120 thousand yuan per year. Through system analysis and practice testify, the technology and plan of this project is practical, and the further spreading and application of this project will bring forth notable economic benefits and wide social benefits.4. This research took the initial to realize drug purchasing and supply'sB2B(bussiness-to-bussiness) connection and uniform information flow between huge comprehensive hospital and medical companies with the third party operation mode. It has made innovations in management conception and operation mode, providing new ideas and practice mode for the information technology application of current medical flow filed. Part III Clinic medical dispensing system research aims at security medical supply1. Considering for the establishment requirements of PIVAs(pharmacy intravenous admixture services) of Changhai Hospital, our research center put forward the development plan and design for clinic medical dispensing system research which aims at security medical supply.2. Based on the information system operation environment and the adoption of latest PowerBuilder*?.0 development tools, the clinic medical allocating management system that consisting of two modules of nursing station and central collocating treatment, has been established. Application software with featured functions such as bar code technology application, automatic batch distributing, medical compatibility censoring, collocating result feedback and on-line communication has been developed.3. The application results show that, the method of system management using code bar technology, avoids the possible confusion or wrong laying in transfusion collocating procedure;and the computer automatic censoring function promotes the efficiency and accuracy of the judging of drug compatibility by the apothecary, which ensures the accuracy and security of drug supply for clinic drug dispensing.4. The technology methods and management mode adopted in our institution has not been reported in the nation, and the research results has been applied in Changhai Hospital. Besides, they have also been spread to other hospitals.Part IV Hospital pharmacy information service system research aims at rational drug use1. This research in based on rational drug use, which constitutes a hospital pharmacy information service system consisting of three aspects as follows: prescription by the doctors or unreasonable medical use inspection before prescription, pharmacy informationconsultation and communication, proving medical knowledge when filling prescription.2. Standard and practical drug information material database has been established through Oracle7.3. Hospital pharmacy information consultation system and drug knowledge interface dispensing software has been developed with PowerBuider9.0 as development tool. This system has not only provided the tools for collection, cleaning and classification drug materials, but also provided instant pharmacy information consultation and inter-commutation information methods for clinic physicians, nurses and pharmacists. The medical knowledge interface collocating software can assist the apothecary conduct medical use introduction with pertinence according to the diseases and the drug used at the same time of medical issuing, which enhances young apothecary's emergency meeting ability of receiving patients' consultation.3. Various sections of software of the system has formed mutual complement in function, among which, hospital pharmacy information consultation has been spread to be applied in other six hospitals. Medical knowledge collocating software has not been reported in our nation. The jointly application of the above software and PASS (prescription automatic screening system) has promoted the effect'of clinic and patients' medical use prescription different aspects.Part V Hospital drug using analysis system research aims at assistant decision-making1. According to the management levels, the aim of establishing drug management assistant decision-making system of upper, medium and lower level has been put forward. In other words, based on the development affairs treatment data quality guarantee procedure and management index collection and report forms generation software, attention should be given to the development and application of medical using analysis system to meet the assisting decision-making of medical management.2. The development of hospital drug using analysis system depends on existing drug management LAN and database, using PowerBuider9.0 as development tool. It is consisting of 38 menu items, including six modules such as structure analysis, store quantity analysis, assisting purchasing, prescription statistics, medical using analysis and sum budget.3. The analysis of system application shows, the clients can customize many kinds ofcombination conditions to conduct consultation, real time statistics and quick analysis, and conduct compositor, figuring, printing and document output for the analysis results, ,which provides consultation and research tools for the policy-maker of drug management and drug using analyzer. The drug management matching rate between account and goods has been enhanced by 0.2%, 240 thousand yuan per year's estimated loss has been avoided. Except the application in Changhai Hospital, the system has also been applied in six army hospitals, which gained the praise of the users.This study has systematically expatiated on the necessity of establishing of late-model hospital drug information;and has put forward the basic theory, conception, connotation, aim structure and constitution methods for hospital pharmacy information system. Through the instantiation construction of four aspects hospital pharmacy information system of flow optimizing, security medical supply, rational drug use and assisting decision-making, the feasibility of above systematic theory has been proved. The research of this topic will conduce to the nailing down of Chinese hospital pharmacy information construction aim, perfect hospital pharmacy information system theory;provide the hospital pharmacy professional personnel with the ideas and methods of information system construction, in a bid to further promote the development of hospital pharmacy.
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