The Relationship Between P53, P16 Gene Mutation And Their Protein Expression And Biological Behavior Of Buccal Cancer

ObjectivesSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region accounts for the sixth position of human cancer in the world, and it accounts for the third position of human tumour in some developing countries, such as India, SriLanka, the Philippines, Brazil and China. Buccal cancer is frequent type of SCC in head and neck regions. Survival rate of buccal cancer is different depending on age, gender, ethnic background, and geographic area. This variability reflects the multifactorial pathogenesis of the disease. Early detection and diagnosis could improve survival, but the overall 5-year rate of 50% is much lower than the other human cancers. The incidence and mortality of buccal cancer has been increasing in developing countries over the last three decades. Recently, although radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been used in the patients with buccal cancer, the survival rate of the patients is not obviously improved and the patients still have poor prognosis of dysfunction and disfigurement. With the rapid development of molecular pathology, it is gradually realized that carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process and different stages have different gene alterations. A great deal of attentions has attracted to identify the molecular mechanisms of buccal cancer in the last few years. It is possible to suggest certain molecular events in the development of this disease.Cancer is a multi-step process, involving many carcinogenic factors, for example: genetic damage in certain cells. If undetected by the cells' DNA repair mechanism, it could develop a selective growth advantage and could form a tumour. It is now recognized that two types of cancer genes are enrolled, oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. The oncogene genes are probably involved in both initiation and progression of the disease, whereas...