| The repair of articular cartilage defect is one of the hot topics in orthopedics, which has not been solved finely today. Traditional methods such as subchondral drilling, abrading and microfracture have some disadvantages. Autologous osteocartilage, periosteum or perichondrium transplant have limited source, and their harvesting may cause additional trauma. The immunologic rejection with allograft has been a great concern that is hard to deal with. In recent years, there has been major advance in tissue engineering, which is expected to provide a new treatment method for repairing cartilage defect. Unfortunately the newly formed cartilage usually degenerates with time; there is a need to develop a new method to prevent degeneration. This paper explores the development of a hybrid scaffold which can induce the differentiation of MSCs in vivo and enhance the cartilage repair.1. Fabrication of TGF-β1 gelatin microspheres (MS-TGF) and in vitro releasing studyThe aim of the present study was to fabricate a novel TGF-β1 gelatin microsphere and confirm whether controlled releasing system is appropriate for cartilage tissue engineering. Gelatin microspheres were prepared by improved emulsified cold-condensation method and loaded with TGF-β1 by swelling in aqueous TGF-β solutions. The morphology of the microspheres was observed with SEM and microscopy. The encapsulation rate, drug content, and the drug release were tested. MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) were cultured in the medium of DMEM with TGF-β1 (4.5ng/ml) or TGF-β1 gelatin microspheres for 6 days. Immunohistochemical assays were applied to detect the expression of...
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