Protein degradation mediated by ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an important mechanism that modulates cellular proteins'activity and function. Components in charge of this process include ubiquitin, its startup enzymes, and proteasome system. Ubquitin's startup enzymes activate ubquitin and link it to specific proteins to form polyubiquitin chains on the substrate protein. The tagged protein will be recognised and degraded by proteasome. Besides, there is a reverse regulating way by deubiquitinating enzymes which catalyze the removal of attached ubiquitin chain. Ubiquitin Proteasome pathway is involved in some of cellular physiological processes, and its regulating aberration has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several human diseases.Recent work has shown that eukaryotes express a set of ubiquitin-like proteins that fall into two separate classes: ubiquitin-like modifiers (UBLs) and ubiquitin-domain proteins (UDPs). UDPs contain ubiquitin-related...
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