| China is one of the countries with high incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Exploring the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma and studying the factors which affect the biological behaviors of esophageal carcinoma are of great significance in China. Cellular tumor suppressers p53 play an important role in controlling cell proliferation. Inactivation of these tumor suppresser proteins can result from gene mutation or by combination with oncoproteins such as E6. E8. E1A from the small DNA tumor viruses and oncongene mdm2. To analyse the roles of p53 autioncogene, Viral oncogene HPV and oncogenes mdm2 in the etiology and development of esophageal squamous carcinoma(ESC), we detected the gene expression products in the tumor tissues and para-tumor tissues in 50 cases of SEC with various grade of differentiation by immunohistochemistry assay. We also analyzed the status of these genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. At the same time, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was measured in order to find if there is any correlation between the gene status and the ESC proliferatic grade.Results were as followings: The expression rates of p53 protein in ESC tissue and para-tumor tissue were 45%, 38% respectively. By immunohistochemistry, immunoreactive p53 was detected in the nuclei of carcinoma cells and could also be seen in the cytoplasm. The expression rate of HPV-E6 in cancer and para-cancer tissue were 36%, 42% respectively. The positive reactivity was located in cytoplasma. The positive expression rate of mdm2 in the cancer and para-cancer tissue were 28%, 24% respectively and was distributed in both nucleus and cytoplasm.
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