| Background: Remifentanil is a novel ultra-short acting opioid receptor agonist featured by its renal and liver-independent metabolism, so it has been widelyused in the anesthesia for the liver surgery. The in vitro study demonstrated that remifentanil was able to suppress transmigration and adhesion of neutrophils through and on endothelial cell monolayers and down-regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Morphine and fentanyl, also opioid receptors agonists like remifentanil, had been found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced tumor necrosis factor- α ( TNF- α ) production in human whole blood. In addition, remifentanil was proved to produce vasorelaxation by both stimulating the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) from endothelial cells and suppressing the voltage-sensitive calcium channel independent of endothelial cells. Also, previous works had suggested that preadminstration of DADLE, a 5 -opioid receptor agonist, was able to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfuison (HI/R) injury in the rat. A recent study reported that remifentanil decreased the ischemia-induced infarct size in the intact rat heart via μ -and κ -and 6 -opioid receptors. Because TNF-α , ICAM-1 and the vasorelaxant effect play significant roles in the HI/R injury, and opioid receptors are associated with the protective effect against I/R injury, we conducted the present study to test whether remifentanil was able to attenuate HI/R injury via the above mechanisms.Methods: This study was carried out on 150 male Wistar rats with body weights of 280320g. All the animals were randomly allocated equally to five groups: group I, group R, group NR, group N and group C. Each group was set with five...
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