| Objectives: To study the effect of IL-2 and IL-12 on the procession of experimental corneal allograft rejection and the immunosuppressive effect and mechanism of IL-1RA during the acute immune rejection in experiment penetrating keratoplasty in rat model.Methods: For experiments, Wistar rat corneas were transplanted into SD rat eyes as the allograft model and SD rat into SD rat as the autograft model. At different post-operative days (3,8,14), the grafts were removed and subjected to RNA isolation. All corneal samples underwent semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis for IL-2, IL-12 mRNA expression, β -Actin as intern control. In the subsequent experiment, the recipients received IL-1RA ( 100 μ g ) by subconjunctival injection every other day for two weeks n=12 )or an equivalent volume of vehicle as a control(n= 12).All allografts were evaluated after surgery for signs of rejection. On the fourteenth day, two corneal specimens of each group were processed for histopathological evaluation. Two and three weeks after transplantation, five recipients of each group were tested for allospecific delayed type hypersensitivity elicited by intraear injections of donor splenocytes.Results: (1) IL-2 mRNA was not detected in the autografts at any point, and in the allograft, IL-2 mRNA showed high expression on POD 14. IL-12 mRNA was not expressed in autograft on POD 3, 8, and POD14. IL-12 mRNA was not detected in the allografts on POD 3 also, whereas on POD 8, 14, IL-12 mRNA showed high expression. (2) The group received IL-1RA treatment had less edma, opacity, neovascularizatin and a significant delay in allograft rejection with mean suvival time (16.9) VS (12.4) for the vehicle only. P<0. 01.Rat whose orthotopic corneal allografts were treated with IL-1RA did not acquire donor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity, whereas controls...
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