The Spirit And The Vines: The Lunan Sword Society And The Huangshi Mountain Massacre Study

The diffusion of Big Sword Society in the southern Shantung is a local cultural transfer, which is also the stress response of local residents in the Southern Shantung in the face of serious social-ecological disaster from 1925 to 1931 (embodied in the flood of banditry). In a sense, the Appearance of Big Sword Society as a community is a reconstruction of the social structure of local community, thus restoring the local social ecology destroyed by bandits, one outstanding example of which is Big Sword Society in Ju county and Yi-shui. However, in more than a year, the Event of Flag Societis in the southern Shantung occured in the form of a series of conflicts, eventually led to a massacre of Big Sword Society and local residents in the hand of Garrison, making an end to Black Flag Society in Ju county and Yi-shui, which was called Huangshi Mountain Massacre. This incident occurred in the initial years of Han Fuju Ruling Shantung, in which a new social order was in the process of reconstruction. In this country-led process, Big Sword Society in Ju county and Yi-shui was put into a dilemma of legality, and conflicted with the Government in the self-defense and self-government. As a strong network of cultural power, State’s return to the local community resulted in subtle changes in the field, and local government had powerful capabilities of social control and social mobilization, with which the tragedy was closely related. However, the expansion of the State had encountered many difficulties, eventually leading to further deterioration of the local social ecology. As a local social-cultural phenomenon, the appearance and disappearance of Big Sword Society in the southern Shantung has a wide range of significance. On the one hand, as a social and cultural practice of the local residents, Big Sword Society is a reflection of social ecology; on the other hand, its disappearance is a result of the conflicts with the State this great cultural system in the field of the local community. The story of Big Sword Society in the southern Shantung not only reflects common experiences of local populations since "moderning" (especially since the Republic of China), but also some deep interactions of the State n and local community, which is a dialogue between local and modern culture that continues to this day.