The Exploration And Historical Choice Of The State Out Between The "Intellectuals" And "Intellectuals"

Liberalism became a mainstream political view after the Anti-Japanese War. The Chinese liberal intellectuals burst forth great enthusiasm in political participation through two ways in the promotion of the liberal movement in the 1940s:organizing parties and publishing newspaper and magazines. This tide of participation was called "participation explosion". The Times and Articles Weekly appeared under this background in March 14,1947, at that time the third civil war between the CPC and the Kuomintang broke out. It was forced to cease permanently in September 24,1948, when the civil war was coming to an end. Surviving for 18 months, it was put out 3 volumes and 71 issues totally, witnessed the biggest turning point of Chinese history.The Times and Articles Weekly gathered a group of intellectuals who believed in liberal thoughts, these major members of them were university professor in Shanghai. This group had unique features:firstly, they belonged to "post-May-fourth generation"; secondly, most of them were educated in Chinese and non-graduates; thirdly, most of them took part in political parties; fourthly, most of them often participated in various social activities and social organizations. This group became the epitome of the partisan liberal intellectuals after the Anti-Japanese War. With progress of the political situation and the development of the civil war, this group’s position of speech and political ideas turned "left" gradually, and had the common fate, which was acknowledged as the CPC s new regime after Kuomintang was defeated.After the Anti-Japanese war, the most universal paramount issue was how to build and what kind of country to build. Hence discovering the way of building the country became the liberal intellectuals concern. The Times and Articles Weekly was famous as raising the flag of the middle route and became the third important force at that time.This paper chooses The Times and Articles Weekly as the research sample of liberal intellectuals during the third civil war, rounding the group’s arguments which were published in the weekly about the way of building the country to analyze their reviews and ideas and to summarize the inevitability of their turning "left", the failure of the middle route, and their historical choice.This paper consists of two parts:introduction and main body, while the conclusion lie in the third section of the chapter 5.The introduction focus on four aspects:firstly, to clear how the research subject is chosen and its significance; secondly, to explain the reason of choosing the Times and Articles Weekly as research sample; thirdly, to define the classification of the Times and Articles Weekly’ s intellectual group; fourthly, to introduce the current researches and the innovation of this paper.The main body includes 5 chapters, the main layout is as follows: centers on one core- the Times and Articles Weekly’ s group discovering the way of country; bases on three research routes- the Times and Articles Weekly’ s discussed the situations, debated the middle route, and argued the liberalism; concludes one idea-the Times and Articles Weekly’ s group abandoned Kuomintang and chose CPC had historical inevitability; obtains one enlightenment- The development road of state must be based on Chinese reality.The first chapter introduces the background of the publishment of the Times and Articles Weekly, and the features of its intellectual group.The second chapter analyzes the intellectual group of the Times and Articles Weekly who discussed the situation, such as debating the statement of "the Northern and Southern Dynasties", refuting the idea of "the Democracy International", and objecting to the America was fostering the Japan andexplaining the change of their position of speech.The third chapter dissertates the intellectual group of the Times and Articles Weekly who debated the middle route. This middle route was difference from the CPC’ s and the Kuomintang’s, its aim was to establish a Bourgeois republic in China. From this chapter we can master the formation and the main content of this route. From the beginning, intellectuals burst out the discussion about this route, especially when the civil war upgraded. At last, this route was failure. At the late of this chapter, we can learn the reason of the failure, and the change of the intellectual group’s political ideas.The fourth chapter discusses the intellectual group of the Times and Articles Weekly who debated the liberalism and their outlet. After the Political operation of the middle route failed, how to understand the liberalism, what the outlet of the liberalism is, and as for the intellectual themselves how to choose in the Polarized phenomenon? All of these questions must be answered. Thereforethe heated debate around the liberal intellectual broke out. This illustrated that the liberal intellectual ware agony, confused and wandered at eve of the liberation.The fifth chapter analyzes the intellectual group of the Times and Articles Weekly’ s choice- abandoned Kuomintang and chose CPC. In this chapter we can also know the reason of this choice, and of the failure of the middle route. In last two sections, we can learn the conclusion: the inevitability of the liberal intellectual’s choice, and realize the development road of state must conform to the interests of the majority of the people and the country’s reality.