A Study On The Problem Of Modern Chinese

This paper belongs to the topic of discussion, rather than a systematic discussion. The selected topics are often difficulties we encountered in the actual Foreign Language Teaching. As the author of a non-native Chinese speakers, the problems in this article concerned are different with Chinese researchers. What concerns in the paper and research ideas are focused primarily on practical, taking into account the description and interpretation as possible, take into account both exploring the theoretical aspects, also considering aspects of the operation.In this paper, except the introduction, conclusion and appendix, a total of 13 chapters, divided into two sections.The first section is a theory to explore, including the 1-3 chapters, discuss three topics:（1） a general description of Chinese Verbal structure（CV）;（2） the prototype and extension access of CV;（3） the basis cognitive of CV.The second section do on the typical case, including chapter 4 to 13, divides 10 topics, including:（1） “qu（去）+VP”, “VP+qu（去）”;（2） “lai（来）+VP”, “VP+lai（来）”;（3） “yong（用）+NP+VP”;（4） “you（有）+NP+VP”;（5） “V zhe（着）+NP+VP”;（6） “V+zhe（着）+bu（不）+VP”;（7） “A+zhe（着）+NP+VP”;（8） “V+NP+V0”;（9） The Vietnamese expression of CVs;（10） Some related teaching problems.The main contents are summarized as follows:For the type of semantic, structural features of CVs, this paper argues:（1） Semantically, the subject may be the principal of V₁, V₂;（2） V₁ and V₂ relates over about time, approach, action and result, explanation, multi relations;（3） the structure, CV divides into four types of structures, that reflected in the communication process on the scene-identify methods and strategies solutions.On the CV’s Construction feature, this paper argues that:（1） NP+VP₁+VP₂ describe a scene of step to step actions;（2） The extension of CV includes: Subject extended to agent, the idea of starting operation extension, the operation extension, the subjective and the details;（3） CV extension types includes: movement, tool, results, exist, conditions, Accompany and sharing.On the basic Cognitive of CV, this paper argues that:（1） CV have objective and subjective both inside;（2） CV have the opposition of action and event inside;（3） CVs exist the problems of typical level;（4） Lexicalization, grammaticalization and construction are the main developing trend of CV.For the qu+VP, VP+qu, this paper argues that:（1） qu belongs to different functions, include verb, suffix, movement-tend features;（2） the changing often pronunciation function of qu depends on the subjective expressions and text.On the lai+VP, VP+lai, this paper argues that:（1） lai+VP, VP+lai are two different types;（2） lai also exists two kinds of word function, includes movement-verb and subjective word.On the yong+NP+V, this paper argues that:（1） yong is a verb;（2） yong and VP have a relation of introduction and tool;（3） VP shows a perfect event;（4） VP and NP have many kinds of relations;（5） Yong+NP+VP is a typical contructions, that describe a scene of somebody use a tool to do something;（6） yong+NP+VP has its owns textional function.On the You+NP+VP this paper argues that:（1） you is a verb, with the meaning of having;（2） the subject of the CV has strong a meaning of life;（3） NP is a confirmed form;（4） VP shows a events with action and its results, time and space. etc.;（5） you+NP+VP is a typical construction.For the V zhe（NP）+VP, this paper argues that:（1） V₁ shows the continued action;（2） NP always confirmed;（3） zhe can strengthen the continued status of the V₁;（4） VP₂ shows outlined events;（5） the logical relation of step to step actions, the semantic relation of status and action, and the constructional relation of modified phrase.For the Vzhe+bu+VP this paper argues that:（1） V₁ describes a non-moved action;（2） zhe can strengthen the actional feature of the V₁;（3） VP₂ shows the unreal event, and the bu can change the measure of the actions.On the A zhe+NP+VP this paper argues that:（1） A is a verb, shows a status of action;（2） zhe trends to be a suffix;（3） A zhe+NP and VP have a duality relation;（4） A zhe+NP+VP can be shows at first of the event.For the V+NP+V0, this paper argues that:（1） V shows a non-perfect action;（2） NP has a duality-character;（3） V0 shows the goal of previous action;（4） V+NP+V0 has textual function.For the corresponding translation of CV between Chinese and Vietnamese, this paper argues that:（1） Both of Chinese and Vietnamese have commons, but not one-to-one, and the main reason of this decided by the different level of grammaticalization of two languages.On the teaching CVs for Vietnamese students, this paper argues that:（1） following the basic ways, properly using many methods;（2） CVs and teaching CVs for foreigners both are complicated jobs, which asks us to do more.The last one is the conclusion, summarize the main core ideas, innovations and shortcomings of this article.