A Study On The Genealogical Columns Of The Lushan Mountain In The Song Dynasty Since The Song And Yuan Dynasties

The Pedigree Monument(called Pubei in China) is a kind of stone media with genealogy. The genealogy on it is a special type and result in Chinese pedigree historical development. Luzhong mountains area is abundant in the folk pedigree inscriptions which gives some new documentation for research on Chinese lineage in Shandong or North China. I think that`s not only helpful in deepening the genealogy study, but also a beneficial supplement for research on regional lineage. In this dissertation our discussion is based on the folk Pedigree monument since Song and Yuan Dynasties, explaining its historical value as a special type of genealogy from various angles including its evolution, distribution, system and function,reveals how the inscriptions associated with the development of local clan, also explores the formation of lineage and its regional characteristics.Luzhong mountains area was an important cultural section in North China, but also a district which the clan had changed most in the annals of history. The fracture of pedigree and the clansmen scatter about were caused by the frequent social unrest and natural disasters, while the structure of clan exhibited a character of genealogy and etiquette. The accumulation of Confucian ethics about filial piety, the tradition of stone tablets and the history of immigration were important cultural prerequisites,which caused the clans had chosen this kind of inscription.On the basis of the data from literature and investigation,the Monument concentrated in Luzhong mountains area was a special type of material lineage culture in North china and the important document about the local clan views and clan organization.Since the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the inscriptions were very popular in North China.Not only was it a special media of genealogy, but also a role contained the functions, worshipping ancestor and solidifying the lineage, for the clan. The earliest pedigree tablets came from the eulogy and epitaphs monument in the Han and Tang Dynasties.Then gravestones with pedigree appeared between the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and eventually evolved “Sectarian graph”monument for the military families and saints families. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the writing style of the Pedigree Monument became normal and standard, meanwhile they became more popular in North China. According to the means of the genealogy,the pedigree inscriptions were divided into the whole group ones, the part group ones, the branched group ones and various variations.This kind of inscriptions has two core elementspreamble and pedigree just like paper genealogy in some way. The preamble includes the introducion about clan origin, migration and the geographical branches distribution, while the pedigree is a table or halliana graph. The theory and concept of genealogy in the preface of the pedigree inscriptions sourced from not only patriarchal consciousness which has been advocated by Confucian in the Song Dynasty for ancestor worship,but also local inherent ancestor worship and memorial rites. The genealogy on the Monument only recorded male members in the patrilineal descent according to the genealogy of some ancestor who was buried nearby and the village as the scope. By this stuff Luzhong lineages had recorded their genealogy, but also held ancestor worship ceremony, organized the clan activities and realized the systematization of patrilineal descent.The Pedigree Monument was of special significance for the systematization and localization of the clan in Luzhong mountains area. The inscription represented by " Sectarian graph " in the Yuan Dynasty was a product during the transition from the ancestor worship to the Han clan consciousness. The clan in the Yuan Dynasty had turned from the ideal state of Confucianism into real life groups, meaning the North clan had finally completed plebeian. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "sectarian graph" monument evolved into the Pedigree Monument on which the clan history and the genealogy of patrilineal descent were recorded specially. The rural clans united together behind the ancestor tombs, recoveried and arranged the lineage records with the inscriptions,and reconstructed their worship groups respectively. Because the etiquette function of the clan organization was far powerful than the social and economic function, a kind of dissociative pattern showed between the clan and local society. The main form of clans in villages is different clans inhabited jointly, based on the family as a unit, constructing a harmonious community.