Arrangement And Research On The Unpublished Points Of Du Fu 's Poems

In the field of the study of Du Fu, people have focused on the collation and study of Du Fu’s works (published or unpublished) all along, but less attention is given to the comments based on Du Fu’s poems, and even there is no adequate systematic collation and study of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems. This paper, by taking the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems as study object, on the basis of systematic collation of Du Fu’s original literature, has collated and studied relevant important issues including works information and development process of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems in public and private bibliography of all dynasties, and the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems and Du Fu’s poetry literature, study of Du Fu’s poems, poetry theories, etc., and has also made case analysis by selecting representative unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems. Through the overall collation and systematic annotation of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems, this paper is intended to restore historical truth, affirm literature value and appreciate theoretic significance of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems.This paper consists of six chapters in addition to introduction and conclusion. The main views are illustrated as follows:The introduction part has examined the historical role of the commented editions of Du Fu’s poems from the perspective of the study of Du Fu’s poems, and made a breakthrough in the prejudice of partial traditional study of Du Fu’s poem that the comments on Du Fu’s poems fall beyond the category of the works of the study of Du Fu’s poems, and indicated that the comments on Du Fu’s poems constitute an integral part of the study of Du Fu’s poems and that the unsorted and printed commented editions of Du Fu’s poems have equal important literature value with manuscripts, and further probed the significance of the study of Du Fu’s poems and the function of literature criticism of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems.The first chapter chiefly starts from literature record of the comments on Du Fu’s poems in public and private catalogue of all dynasties, and briefly collates the collection record of the works of comments on Du Fu’s poems in the history of bibliography, from such four aspects as the literature record of the comments on Du Fu’s poems in the historical catalogue since Tang Dynasty, the role of the comments on Du Fu’s poems defined by the General Catalog of the Imperial Library of Four Treasures and the Further Revision of the Catalog of the Imperial Library of Four Treasures, intended adoption of the comments on Du Fu’s poems in private bibliography of all dynasties and brief information about the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems in contemporary bibliography of ancient rare editions. On the above basis, the author has made a specific analysis on the historical gradual change of the comments on Du Fu’s poems and its changing process of the opinions, and collated the current studies of the comments on Du Fu’s poems, as well as looked into the future of the study of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems.The second chapter, from the full view of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems in Ming and Qing Dynasty, has clarified its historical development process, analyzed the construction and characteristics of author group, and conclude several main criticism forms of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems in Ming and Qing Dynasty. Song and Yuan Dynasty was the initial period of the comments on Du Fu’s poems. The unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems emerged unexpectedly in Ming Dynasty, and after a stylistic breakthrough during the period from the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it reached the peak in Qing Dynasty, entering into an expanding and mature phase. Due to the drastic change of political system and social thoughts in modern times, the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems embark on a reform in both content and words. The characteristics of the author group of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems include as follows: double-role basic nature as reader and writer, unbalanced distribution in different regions, complexity of the relation to private bibliophiles, etc. The criticism forms of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems are generally summarized into the following basic forms including "Simplicity is the best expression", "Like dragonfly splashes the water" vs. "Full of superfluous words and sentences", "Attaching importance to the root and stem, belittling the branches and leaves" vs. "Emphasizing the detailed criticism to the sentences and words of the poem", "Discussing poetry in relation to matters" vs. "Conveying meaning via images", "Trace to the source, and go back to the origin" vs. "Learn from personal experience and intrinsic verification", etc.The third chapter has conducted an empirical study of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems from the aspect of Du Fu’s literature. Firstly, on the basis of such two examples as the Comments on Du Fu’s Poems by Qu Fu and On Du Fu by Shen Hanguang, it has proved that the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems have made a significant contribution to the collection and compilation of lost editions of Du Fu’s works. Then, from the specific cases of Qian Lucan and Wu Nongxiang’s criticisms on Du Fu, it has argued that there is a close relationship between the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems and the related published comments on Du Fu’s poems. Meanwhile, by taking Pan Deyu’s criticism on To Understand Du Fu with Heart, Xu Song’s criticism on the Anthology of Du Fu’s Poems, Pan Guisheng’s criticism on Zhao Zichang’s Annotation of Du Fu’s Five-Character-Regular-Verse, Gu Dawen’s criticism on the Anthology of Du Fu’s Poems, He Shaoji’s criticism on Du Fu’s Anthology, Jiang Guangyu’s criticism on Xuxi’s Criticism and Annotation on Du Fu’s Poems as examples, it has identified forgery, plagiarism and suspicious works in the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems. Besides, it has also added supplements, marked defects and made corrections to the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems in the bibliography of Du Fu’s works.The fourth chapter has mainly discussed relevant issues on the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and the study of Du Fu’s poems. On one hand it has elaborated the specific relations between the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems and the family inheritance of the study of Du Fu’s poems through the examples of the inheritance of Tongcheng Fang Family and Haining Chen Family. On the other hand it has analyzed three major patterns of interpersonal transmission of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems and practical functions. In addition, it has discussed the special evolution track of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems and its arbitrary, familial, folk and non-mainstream basic features displayed during the development process.The fifth chapter has chiefly analyzed the poetic theories in the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems, in which the poetic issues have been analyzed in details from four aspects including the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and poetic terms, the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and poetry talks, prefaces and postscripts of the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and poetic theories, as well as the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and the history of literary criticism. It not only has discovered and emphasized the criticism principles of Fang Gongqian using "Xu" in criticism on Du Fu and Li Yishi applying "Xiang" to the choice of words, but also has elaborated all the schools’ criticisms on the criticism works of Du Fu’s poems including the Criticism on Du Fu’s Anthology by Liu Jun, the Du Fu’s Anthology by Qian Qianyi, the Detailed Annotation of Du Fu’s Poems by Qiu Zhaoao, To Understand Du Fu with Heart by Pu Qilong, the Du Fu’s Seven-Character-Regular-Verse by Guo Zhengyu, etc.The sixth chapter has made case analysis of the most representative comment version selected from the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems. By taking Xu Wei, Xi Luyi, Shang Pan and Yan Fu’s criticisms on Du Fu as examples, this chapter has given an introduction to each critic’s life and their poetic direction, stylistic features of comments, practical value of comment content, criticism standards and theoretic significance, and illuminated the existence value and theoretic significance of the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems from the cross section of each example.The conclusion part is mainly addressed to the actual situation of the unpublished comments of Du Fu’s poems and has discussed its merits and defects, which not only has recognized its unique literature functions for collection and compilation of lost editions, refreshing literary color and profound theoretic value but also has not evaded the negative influence on the understanding of Du Fu’s poems caused by the arbitrariness of comments, and has objectively defined the role of the unpublished comments on Du Fu’s poems during the development history of literature.Three appendixes including the Chronological Catalog of the Comments on Du Fu’s Poems, the Outline of the Editions of the Unpublished Comments on Du Fu’s Poems and the General Criticism Excerpts of the Unpublished Comments on Du Fu’s Poems are attached to the main text, and serve as literature foundation and reference resource for successful completion of this paper.