The Core Concept And Practice Of Socialism In The View Of Conceptual History

What is socialism? This is a very huge and complicated issue which has been discussed over hundreds years. Researching on the idea of socialism is not only regarding to China, but also the history, current situation and prospect of Human Society. As discussing this issue requires too much length of an article, so this article attempts at understanding the ideas based on the perspective of history of ideas in short history. First of all, through the general logic and revolutionary dimension of the development of human history, the article illustrates prescriptive concepts of the socialism ideas, and study the connotation of the core concepts, which also is Marx’s ideas of socialism.Then by looking the ideas of the three representative Socialists after Marx and Engels, this article explains the historical evolution of the prescriptive concepts. At last, this article explores the change of the socialism ideas and the dividing practice of socialism in the overall, then ponders over socialism ideas of the contemporary China.The research method of the history of ideas emphasizes the objectivity of the research object, namely puts the socialism ideas as a "total object" into the general logic of the development of human history, discusses the socialism ideas themselves through interpretation of the core concepts. So, the key to understanding the socialism ideas is to find the subject of socialism.On the other hand, if you want to explain away the socialism ideas, you need to explain the evolution path of the history of socialism ideas in the general logic way, thus you could tell how did the connotation of socialism ideas evolve in the whole historical evolution, only in this way you finally could understand the practical connotation of socialism ideas. It requires to not only focus on important figures in history, but also can not ignore the "minor characters" who raised important contents in one aspect. But considering the length, this article only researches three representative socialists, to find a way to discuss the history of ideas.Follow the logic of true object, we could see what is the concept and and its revolutionary dimension in basic logic of the development of human history, so as to answer "what is socialism". Through the historical materialism, the General logic of the development of human history is rendered as the revolution of "objects" and the revolution of human being. By deeply dissecting the above two path of history process, it can be seen the revolution of "object" presents the concept of freedom. Human being exists as individuals and categories, could only over turn the power of people in feudal system in the revolution of object, then obtain freedom, so this is also " the revolution of freedom", if study this form and spirit of revolution, undoubtedly it will be classified as bourgeois revolution which held the freedom banner and capital revolution which promoted the development of human freedom, namely "the revolution of free".But freedom has its limit, so if human is away from the power of man, but subordinates to the power of object, so as the further development of freedom, human cannot continue to subordinate to object, but should be subordinate to themselves, in this way freedom is equal to liberation. Only when we overthrow the power of object in revolution of human, people could obtain real power, and makes themselves liberating, and this is "the revolution of liberation". If study the form and spirit of this revolution, so also can it will be classified as proletariat revolution which held the liberation banner and the revolution of production relations which completed the historical mission of human’s development of freedom, namely "the revolution of liberation".So, in the perspective of the revolution dimension of core concepts (namely the general logic of human history development), socialism is an idea that the general logic of the history of human development from the revolution of object to the revolution of human, and from "the revolution of freedom" to "the revolution of liberation", and this is concerned about individual survival and development, it makes individual freedom gradually expanded to liberation of reality practice, namely from the practice of "the revolution of freedom" to "the revolution of liberation"So Marx’s socialism ideas is based on his thinking of the general logic of human history development, and in this horizon he depended his way of thinking-- in the perspective of the practice dimension of human’s production, labor and needs, he expanded relationship of human, system studied social relationship, and described "object", explained the power of "object" and its relationship based on the power, then pointed out that this social relation had its irreconcilable contradictions on the basic of economic, so its existence had its own historical rational, but also not fit for reality rational.So people should develop further. Just like the revolution of object, history will raise a new revolution among economic relations, political relations and social relations, to return power to people themselves, to make human power replace "object" power. This is the human’s revolution, and the logic of history is liberation, which made human really became human, and obtained the liberation.One idea is insisted of three aspects:the view of the development of reality and history, the core concept and reality form, which also has dual logic-- "the development of reality-history-concept" and "concept-form". The former is also the historical and realistic foundation of concept, and the latter is form realization of concept. So based on core concept, unfolding the logical frame and forming the theoretical system which is the basic logic frame of investigating the idea of socialism. Therefore, based on the core concepts, we need to determine typical Socialists after Marx and Engels, to explain on which extent they changed that the core concepts, and finally from the study on the overall structure of the concept to tell the differences with Marx and Engels’and the practice division.These three characters involved in the most controversial historical events in Socialism history, namely the division between revolution and reform from the death of Engels to the October Revolution.This history carried on Marx and Engels’socialism ideas, and after it there were the division of socialism roads between East and West. This history determines he connotation of Socialist ideas in different understanding in the future and extensive struggle about socialist practice.Taking the idea of history as methodology and this period as point of penetration, from studying on three typical socialist-- Bernstein, Kautsky and Lenin, we can see that, after the death of Engels, the idea of socialism in fact emerge as two different ideas-- one is based on freedom which as definitive concept, the other is based on liberation which as definitive concept. So, in this two ideas, understanding of socialism equals to understanding the concept of freedom and liberation. The ideas presents the revolution of original connotation of liberation, and the three Socialists is also the most important representative of the different evolution paths.In the idea framework, from the specific connotation of the concept of starting, socialist idea of freedom and liberation narrative appears as alternative core concepts and connotation change of Marx’s concept, appear in general for the freedom and liberation of the two core concepts and practical spirit differences:the reformative spirit of freedom and revolutionary spirit of the liberation. Therefore, in the idea of "the development of reality- history-concept" logic level, it reflected for different view of the development of reality-history and the differentiation of practice:the "mutant" form of the revolutionary and "gradient" form of the reform. In "concept-form" logic level, it reflected for the division of form of idea and practice form:by "revolutionary dictatorship" to break the "objects" of the framework and order, construction of liberation in order to complete human revolution, and through the "reformative democracy", taking advantage of the "objects" of the frame and order, by means of the freedom order to complete human revolution.But in the concrete historical practice, both has presented as the evolution of two different practice road, for the freedom narrative, it attempts to in the framework of "objects" to reform "objects", and in recognition of the power of the "objects", then it went to the "freedom of non liberation", and ultimately went to the "no free". For the liberation narrative. It tries to carry out the "objects" revolution in the framework of "human" power, but eventually eliminate "objects" in the base of "human" power, then it went to the "liberation of non freedom", and ultimately went to the "liberation".For the socialism in China, it has been reflected in the liberation of the concept as the core concept of the revolution of socialism, so the development of reality-history present as revolution, in practice showed "mutation" of the practice, in the concept of the constitution, reflected for the liberation revolution, in practice performance for practical spirit of liberation, in the form of the idea performance revolutionary dictatorship, in practice performance for the practice form of the dictatorship. And after the reform and opening up. It is also a special form of revolution which is a in human revolution constructed the framework of power to carry out its opposite, "objects" revolution, this is though the "objects" to reform the liberation revolution of the construction of the order. On the other hand it is also the special development state which through liberation order to reform the "objects". But the practice of socialism in China should draw lessons from history, can not return to the power of the "human", and ultimately goes to the "non liberation", also draw lessons from the reality, not in carry out "object" revolution and succumb to the power of the "object", ultimately goes to the "not free", we must adhere to the "revolutionary liberation" and "liberation revolution" in the idea of connotation and practice in history, finally realize human’s liberation and power return.