Diversity Patterns, Spatiotemporal Change And The Related Correlative Analysis For The Water-Soil Resources

As the foundation type of material resources, water and soil resources keep thehuman production and life under a normal operation, and there is a close relationshipbetween them. The rational utilization of water and soil resources by human is facingincreasingly challenges under today’s rapid development of urbanization, the shortageand uneven distribution of water and soil resources become one of the fundamentalobstruction factors to the harmony between human and nature, too. Several typical case areas at different ecologic and environmental conditions andsocial development degrees in Henan province (central China) and Jiangsu province(east China) are selected to conduct the correlative analysis between the spatialdistribution characteristic of water and soil resources. As one of the most recentlydeveloped research idea in soil geography, pedodiversity theory and methodology andone of the latest measurements of pedodiversity are introduced into the distributioncharacter analysis based on the water and soil resources, the spatiotemporal variationcharacter, diversity patterns and the inherent relationship between their geographicaldistribution have been deeply analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for thesustainable development of water and soil resources, at the same time, provide a newidea and methodology in the quantitative expressing of spatial distribution characterof other resources objects. In order to explore the essence and meaning of the connection between waterand soil resources, the distribution characteristic and essential connection amongwater resources, soil resources, vegetation resources, land use and thermalenvironment distribution have been generalized and summarized before thelimitations of traditional research methods have been analyzed and the significance ofthe introduction of diversity has been expounded. The distribution pattern of regional pedodiversity has been deeply analyzed by acase study of Henan province before the theoretical and methodological basis of theconnection analysis between water and soil resources in this paper has been ascertained. Results show that the soil resources is a non-continuous distributednatural resources type, there is a obvious positive correlation between soil family area,patch numbers and spatial distribution diversity with the coefficient of determinationR2all have reached more than0.7. There are8rare soil types and7representative soiltypes in Henan province which the rare ones are endangered and need more attention. To obtain the distribution information of surface water resources, the supervisedclassification of land use in each research area has been completed before theinteraction between land use diversity and pedodiversity has been evaluated based onthe mutual entropy calculation. This research found and validated that the researchmethod and theory of pedodiversity are applicable to the evaluation of spatialdistribution character of other resources types, the constituent diversity index of landuse can reflects the urbanization degree of research area and the spatial distributiondiversity of land use provides a important data support for the traditional areastatistical method, and there is a evident relationship between soil and land use. This research proposes the definition of water spatial distribution diversity anduses it as a new and important parameter in evaluating the spatial distributiondiscreteness of surface water resources based on two cases. The spatial distributiondiscreteness of surface water and soil resources is to be evaluated while the intrinsiclink in between explored in order to learn how water element acts in soil formationprocess and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of water andsoil resources by the correlation analysis between pedodiversity and water diversity.Results show that there is a positive correlation between changes of total surfacewater area and changes of surface water spatial distribution diversity with thecoefficient determination R2of regression equation is generally more than0.6. Animportant finding of this paper is that there is a direct relationship between the singlecomposing of soil types and high discreteness of surface water spatial distribution,studies suggest that the fundamental reason of this phenomenon is the convergence ofsoil properties caused by the mobility characteristic of water. All these scaleinvariance and self-similarity characters just are more or less the expression of fractalstructure and connection of soil and water resources which reflected more clearly inlarger scale or pure natural state. The traditional drainage density methodology is used to compare with the concept ’water spatial distribution diversity’ proposed in this paper in validating the practicability and scientificity of this new evaluation index. Results show that there is a degree of positive relationship between the surface water area and the total river length of research areas. The water spatial distribution diversity acts better than drainage density in the evaluation of complex water types. When the study area are equal, the relationship between drainage density and water spatial distribution diversity is relying on the characteristics of surface water of each research area, for instance, there is a positive relationship between them in the lake scarce regions with the coefficient of determination (R2) is more than0.5in Henan province but a negative relationship in the lake-rich regions with R2is more than0.9in Suzhou.The pedodiversity methodology has been introduced to the distribution pattern evaluation of vegetation resources and thermal environment which are closely linked to the water and soil resources. As the extension exploration part of this research, results show that it was of operability and practical significance to use the theories and methodologies of pedodiversity in the discreteness evaluation of the spatial distribution of other resources types, and the conclusion ’higher discreteness degree of spatial distribution of water or vegetation could bring better distribution pattern of thermal environment’will also provide an important data support for the traditional area statistic methods.At last, a case study of typical region of Henan province is selected in evaluating the reasonable setting standard of spatial grid scale of the spatial distribution diversity after the influencing factors of diversity index of resources spatial distribution have been deeply analyzed, through this part, the authors want to make a theoretical and methodological guidance for the widely application of the evaluation of spatial distribution diversity in this paper. It’s suggested that the selected grid scale should less than or close to the smallest taxon area of resources object when the taxa number of resources object is very big, however, the grid number should be1000or so when the taxa number of resources object is very small or the resources object is surface water.