Study On Financial Service For Ecological Migraion In Ethnic Area

The large-scale migration is an important measure for many countries to accelerate development and combat poverty as well as ecological environment protection. Since the establishment of the New China in1949, China has implemented several different types of migrations in order to speed up development of underdevelopment area, conduct major water projects and protect ecological environment. Located in northwest of China, The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, combating poverty task of which is rather severe, has been fallen behind for a long time in economic growth by the middle and eastern provinces of China. To promote regional economic and social development and achieve well-off society in all-round way synchronized with the whole nation, Ningxia has implemented a series of migration projects since1983, including Diaozhuang migration,1236migration, poverty combating migration, central arid zone ecological migration and ecological migration engineering during the12th Five-Year Plan, which efficiently promote poverty alleviation and balanced development between different areas of Ningxia. Especially the ecological migration started from The Western Development Drive has played important role in combating poverty and restoring ecological environment for middle and southern areas of Ningxia. But with the continuous expansion of the scale and the scope of ecological migration, problems such as lack of characteristic industry, weak self-development capacity, immigrants back to poverty again, etc have gradually emerged. It is an important topic for ecological migration research to help immigrants achieve "move out, stay firmly, get rich" and promote sustainable economic and social development in ethnic areas.Finance is the core of modern economy. It has been repeatedly proved in international economic development practice and domestic reform and opening-up exploration that folly efficient allocation of financial resources and achieving benign interaction and win-win between financial and economic activities can be effective in promoting economic and social development. Modern finance can not only accelerate circulation of funds and efficiently assemble disperse capital, but also can efficiently promote regional economic structure optimization and industry upgrading. Especially modern finance labeled in green, low-carbon, environment protection, can efficiently screen potential customers and assess fair value as well as promote the healthy and sustainable economic and social development. In the early stage of ecological migration in ethnic area, the migration planning of local governments mainly focus on how to achieve ecological immigrants "move out, stay firmly" and efficiently allocate various kinds of special funds to achieve smooth migration. So the financial demands of immigrants at this stage are not prominent. However, as infrastructure and public facilities in ecological migration areas gradually improved as well as gradually completion of the main ecological migration engineering, fiscal and other special funds will gradually withdraw. There will exist huge funds demand in ecological migration areas for developing pillar industry, protecting ecological environment and promoting economic structure. The contradiction of mismatch between funds supply and demand will highlight in the later stage of ecological migration. Therefore, it is how to establish a scientific and effective ecological migration financial service system and properly meet funds needs of ecological migration in ethnic area through allocating financial resources by market and give full play to the role of financial support for ecological migration in ethnic area that is the starting point and the ending point of this dissertation.The phenomenon of ecological migration in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is the research object of this dissertation, in which we focus on the ecological migration in6ecologic migration counties where the ratio of Hui population is higher than the average level of Ningxia. From the view of financial service, this dissertation summarizes the domestic and foreign research on migration, reviews relevant economic and financial foundations, explores the historical evolution of Ningxia ecological migration. Using qualitative description, quantitative research, field work, case study and other methods and tools, this dissertation provides with a detailed analysis on the economic and social development and financial services status for ecological migration in these6ecologic migration counties. Meanwhile, it also gives profound analysis of the main difficulties and problems concerning the current financial service in ethnic area facing the6ecologic migration counties. Base on the experiences at home and abroad as well as the practices of the6ecological migration counties, this dissertation finally constructs a financial service system for ecological migration in ethnic area.There are eight parts in this dissertation. Chapter One is the introduction, which introduces background, significance, research status at home and abroad, and relevant concepts. It also summarizes theories of ecological migration and financial support for the sustainable development of the immigrants, introduces in detail the concept, type, influence factors and basic principles of ecological migration. This chapter finally presents research framework and methods employed as well as innovations and drawbacks. Chapter Two is ecological migration history and economic development in ethnic area, which reviews the migration history of Ningxia since1981and economic development in the6counties, mainly focuses on the influence, problems and policy support of ecological migration in this area. Chapter Three is the financial development in ecological migration areas of Ningxia, providing with an overview of financial development in Ningxia, and mainly focusing on financial services in6ecological migration counties. Chapter Four is an empirical study on financial services in the ecological migration counties, which offers the indexes of financial inclusive of the6counties and derives the driving factors of the index. Moreover, this chapter induces an empirical study on availability and level of financial services for immigrants farmers in the6counties based on field work data. Chapter Five is practices and effects of financial support for ecological migration, summarizes in detail the measures and achievements of financial support for ecological migration accompanied by a case study of Hongsibao migration area. Chapter Six is difficulties and problems facing with financial service for ecological migration, deeply analyzed difficulties and problems existing in support of ecological immigration through fiscal, tax and financial polices, summarizing domestic and foreign experiences on financial service for migration. Chapter Seven constructs a financial service system for ecological migration based on above chapters, which is the ending point of this dissertation. The final part presents the main conclusion and research forward.The main conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:Ningxia has experienced four stages of migration including Diaozhuang migration, poverty combating migration, central arid zone ecological migration and ecological migration engineering during the12th Five-Year Plan. The6counties are the main body and key areas of Ningxia ecological migration engineering during the12th Five Year Plan. Lack of financial resources, simple structure of financial bodies, low service efficiency and the outflow of funds are the main problems facing with the6ecological migration counties in Ningxia.The development of financial inclusive is not balanced and volatile in the6counties. It is efficient to promote financial inclusive through economic growth, public expenditure and offering more credit to the vulnerable groups and remote areas. The main driving factors of financial service availability for immigrant farmer consist of gender, education, income, expenditure, traffic condition, whether having relatives and friends working in bank, whether use of bank cards and whether installation of POS. Meanwhile, factors including gender, age, occupation, income, expenditure, traffic condition, whether use of internet, bank card, deposit certificate and internet bank have significant influence on the financial service level for immigrants farmers.Ningxia has properly satisfied the fund needs of ecological migration through special polices and increasing supply of credits. But financial support for ecological migration is still facing with difficulty in implement of fiscal, tax and financial polices, mismatch of fund supply and demand in ecological migration areas and improvement of financial ecological environment.The financial support system of ecological migration should consist of increasing financial resources supply, support of the development of pillar industry, meeting the fund need of immigrants and improvement of ecological environment.