Research On Urban Non-agricultrual Land Use Ecological Efficiency Model And Its Application In Terms Of Carbon Emission

Under the dual pressures of the environmental crisis and the food crisis, ecosystem services of agricultural land have become increasingly prominent. But China is in the middle period of urbanization and industrialization, the demand for non-agricultural land in the city continued to show an upward trend. There exist phenomenon of agricultural land converting to non-agricultural land unduly along with the trend.Not only has not effect to promoting economic development,but also caused a series of problems including environmental pollution, food production, the peasants of lost their agricultural land survival.It is one of the best ways to comprehensively improve the utilization efficiency of urban non-agricultural land to slow down the rate of farmland conversion. Urban non-agricultural land use efficiency including technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and technological progress. They measure the utilization of urban non-agricultural land, whether reasonable allocation of various land and how to affect the ability of human use non-agricultural land by technological progress. Around these three efficiency metrics, this paper measures non-agricultural land use change, its the extent and the causes of waste, and environmental costs of Chinese provinces and autonomous regions, in different perspective from 2003 to 2012. The specific studies are summarized below.(1) The DEA of carbon emission constraints calculate the eco-efficiency, the coefficient of friction between land protection and economic development and the cost of land protection of 30 provinces in 2012. The results are Chinese has low non-agricultural land eco-efficiency and high coefficency of friction. So it needs high cost investment to resolve the crisis of land wastage. If it makes its choice between GDP and land protection, most of provinces prefer to the former. For that reason, land wastage remains incessant after repeated prohibition.(2) In order to alleviate the greenhouse effect caused by the farmland conversion, to enhance its efficiency of utilization is one of the alternative ways. The Malmquist Index Model combined with DEA technology was set up to calculate 28 Chinese provinces’ dynamic efficiency value of the urban non-agricultural land and decomposition the eco-efficiency into technical efficiency and technological progress under the carbon emission constraints from 2002 to 2012 through the MATLAB software. Then, the Panel Data and the GLS were used to analyze the factors which affect the eco-efficiency of the urban non-agricultural land. The results revealed that ① the eco-efficiency of the urban non-agricultural land is similar to each other in three regions under the CO2 emission constraints. It was unnecessary to carry out the balance of arable land among regions; ② the eco-efficiency of the non-agricultural land was positively associated with the economic development as well as its intensity of utilization, and negatively associated with its openness. Besides, there was an ambiguous relationship with the ownership structure and was no direct relationship with the innovation ability of the city. Therefore, both the environmental constraints and the factors restricting the eco-efficiency of the urban non-agricultural land should be considered and focused on so as to realize the aim of the efficient utilization of urban non-agricultural land resources.(3)The sixth chapter establishes land allocation efficiency equation to compare the land maximal efficiency with actual of first-tier cities for the rational allocation of land resource and ideas to solve the waste of land in the urbanization. The aim is to optimize the allocation efficiency of land resource. Based on the concept of sustainable development, the marginal alternative theory and decoupling analysis, the means of equation of the allocation efficiency of land is the development of economy and maintainment ecology function value cannot hinder each other. By Eviews6.0, the results about first-tier cities’ allocation effciency of land use of fixed effects regression model are: there are varying degrees of waste in recent 20 years, the land of allocation efficiency declined steadily. The land use allocation is inefficiency which has counteract the increasing the land utilization rate by science and technology. The land allocation inefficiency is the one of the sources of land waste. It is not only to promote technological progress to increase the land technological efficiency, but also allocate the land in cultivated land and non-agricultral land reasonably.(4)It is an effective way to use of land intensively to allocate land in agricultural and non-agricultural use during urbanization. It estimates the metafrontier and regional frontier technical efficiency of non-agricultural land of the china’s 28 provinces, East China, Midland China and West China considering the carbon emission from 2003 to 2012. By comparing metafrontier and regional frontier technical efficiency, the results is that the spatial difference of non-agricultural efficiency derived from inter-district, not in the area; It could improve the spatial allocation efficiency to transfer the non-agricultural land index from East china and West china to Midland china, and increase their technical efficiency. The rational allocation of land resources is an effective way to mitigate the waste of land.(5)The eighth chapter fully reveals the driving forces of CO2 emissions of the urban non-agricultural land from the perspective of production system. Based on the non-parameter distance function and the environmental DEA production technology, it decomposes the driving forces of the urban non-agricultural land of the China’s 28 provinces into three levels by the Index Decomposition Analysis. The results show that the positive driving forces are the technical progress, the carbon intensity of the agricultural land use structure, the utilization intensity of the potential non-agricultural land, the expected outputs and the unexpected outputs performance; the negative driving forces are the scale effect, the technical efficiency, the investment performance of the capital stock, the labor and the non-agricultural land on the national level while it is a slightly different about driving forces in three Wide Region. So it is crucial to alleviate CO2 emissions of the urban non-agricultural land by improving the input performance and the technical efficiency of the input resources utilization.