Research On Residents’ Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Areas In Northeast China

Income distribution is an important part of the social reproduction, however, great changes have taken place in both urban and rural residents income level and showed a tendency of gradually expanding on the income gap between them in Chinese transition period. Since the 1990 s, the pace of development in northeast China has been slowed considerably and structural contradiction is prominent; the various economic indicators has been gradually declined; economic growth has been slowed; northeast urban and rural residents income level and regional gap has been gradually expanded compared with the economic developed regions in our country. A huge backlog of agricultural products which were of traditional advantage in northeast lead to the slowed farmers’ income; agricultural economy benefit has been improved too little; three dimensional rural issues have been increasingly prominent; area residents income gap between urban and rural areas has been also gradually expanding. In 2014, the income ratio of urban and rural residents in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang was 2.60, 2.15 and 2.16 respectively and the absolute income gap of urban-rural residents was 17891 yuan, 12438 yuan, 12156 yuan respectively which evidenced that residents’ income gap between urban and rural areas in northeast China was huge. As the interests relation determined by the distribution of interests is the most core and basic production relations, if the urban and rural residents income gap beyond the reasonable scope which will cause the urban and rural, intensified social contradictions and lead to social unrest and then affect the national construction and social development. The enlargement of urban and rural residents income gap in northeast China is not only an economic problem, but also a social problem. Under the above background, I focus on the research of urban and rural residents income distribution gap in northeast China and carry out the related research and put forward solutions in a timely manner, which will be of great theoretical significance and realistic significance.Since the reform and opening, it shows a long term widening trend in the residents income gap between urban and rural areas both in terms of absolute or relative amounts in the three northeast provinces. The income gap between urban and rural areas in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, respectively from the 178 yuan,108 yuan and 283 yuan in 1978, increased to 17891 yuan, 12438 yuan, 12156 yuan in 2014, that is 100.5 times, 115.2 times and 43 times respectively which evidences that the income gap in the northeast area of urban and rural residents is widening.In recent years, several problems caused brain drain and the lack of power of reformation in the three northeastern provinces, such as the striking structural contradiction, the gradually decline on economic indicators, the slowing economic growth, the widening people’s income gap in both urban-rural and regional disparities, which has become the bottleneck of China’s economic development. Therefore, to accelerate the economic and social development and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas in northeast China is not only the problem of the three northeast provinces but also an inevitable choice for national economic development.The relative theories about the income distribution gap of domestic and foreign scholars have been reviewed and revolved here. Then I analysis the changes track of the income gap of our country and the northeast urban and rural residents and explore the causes of widening income gap between the urban and rural residents from the income of urban and rural residents ratio, Gini coefficient and the Engel’s coefficient respectively. And I analysis specifically on urban residents in the northeast, per capita net income of farmers, the income of urban and rural residents income gap ratio and the changing path of the gap between urban and rural residents income. It provide research basis for putting forward countermeasures and Suggestions on the study of urban and rural residents income gap in northeast region.It analyzes respectively the national regional development strategy of "Revitalization of the Northeast", city bias institutional factors and the unreasonable way of economic development, on which are the policy premise proposed to reduce the urban and rural residents’ income gap in China’s northeast. The northeast China is of strong "policy dependence " and lack of autonomy and vitality of economic development because the seriously influenced by the "planned economy". Since 2012, the northeast area appeared sluggish growth and partial collapse which has become the restriction factor for the new level economic development of China. Therefore, we will continue to implement the revitalization of the northeast regional policy and promote the overall development of this region which is the important strategic choice to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in northeast China.The international comparative analysis on the industrialization process in United States, the European Union, South Korea,the development experience and has important reference value for judging the rationality of the current urban and rural residents’ income gap in China’s northeast and putting forward with strong pertinence policy advice.It put forward the practical policy recommendations based on the systematical analysis on the urban-rural residents income gap and the actual situation of northeast China.It is the critical period for the three northeast provinces to build overall middle class society and promote the modernization during the Thirteenth Five Year Plan. The northeast region should focus on economic globalization and concentrate superior forces to promote the development of northeast China. At the same time, we should also ensure and improve people’s living standard so that the income gap between the urban and rural residents will be narrowed.