The Research On Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Residents—Based On The Perspective Of Income Source Structure

The report of the 19 th National Congress pointed out that the main contradiction in our society transformed into contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and the uneven development now.The most series imbalance is the imbalance between urban and rural development,the most insufficient is that rural development is inadequate.Unbalanced urban and rural development has become an important obstacle to restrict social stability and people's unity.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.Based on the previous studies,this paper measures the Gini coefficient of urban-rural income gap from the perspective of income sources,and calculates the impact of each sub-item on income disparity.It is found that wage income and operating income are the two sources of income that account for the highest proportion of urban-rural income gap,and wage income is the main source of income of urban residents.Operating income is the main source of income of rural residents.With the development of society,the proportion of rural residents' wage income exceeded their operating income for the first time in 2012,but at the same time,the operating income of urban residents also increased substantially,and its growth rate was faster than that of rural areas.The growth rate of wage income of residents and the income gap between urban and rural areas have further widened.Property income is the lowest in urban and rural residents' income,but with the improvement of capital market,its influence on the income gap between urban and rural residents has surged.In 2017,the urban residents' property income is 12 times that of rural residents.Far higher than 4.2 times in 2016,the growth momentum cannot be ignored.The calculation results also show that in recent years,the ability of transfer income to reduce the urban-rural income gap has been continuously improved,which shows that the government has played a certain role in policy support and transfer payments for agriculture,rural areas and farmers.In view of the above factors affecting the income gap between urban and rural residents in China,this paper mainly analyzes from two aspects: First,from the perspective of the structural factors affecting the income sources of rural residents,I select the industrial structure,education structure,employment structure,technology structure,income distribution structure as explanatory variables,analyze its impact on rural residents' wage income,operating income and transfer income,and select appropriate indicators to quantify these structural factors,and then establish a regression equation for empirical analysis,and make a conclusion: The proportion of GDP of Primary industry,the proportion of science and technology appropriations to the state's fiscal expenditure,and the proportion of central government's special transfer payments to fiscal expenditures will narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents;the proportion of non-agricultural population and the proportion of urban and rural household education expenditure will widen the income gap between urban and rural residents.Secondly,from the perspective of the taxation factors affecting the urban residents' property income,the direct tax and indirect tax are selected as the first group of explanatory variables,and the value-added tax,consumption tax,personal income tax and corporate income tax are selected as the second set of explanatory variables,and concluded that the increase in the proportion of direct and indirect taxes will increase the income gap between urban and rural residents,but the effect of direct tax on the income gap is weak;VAT,consumption tax and enterprises Income tax has a negative adjustment effect on income distribution,and the progressiveness of personal income tax makes it possible to improve the income gap.Finally,based on the results of the above empirical analysis,from the perspective of the income sources of rural residents and urban residents,the countermeasures and suggestions for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents in China are proposed.