The Evolution Mechanism Study Of The Third Industrial Revolution Based On The Perspective Of Human Capital

With the continuous development of the economic and social, in the 21st century, per capita oil production has peaked, human survival coal, oil, and other non-renewable energy is facing the present situation of the dwindling. And the burning of fossil fuels makes a lot of carbon dioxide emissions in the air, the environment deteriorates caused by the greenhouse effect, it will bring the global disaster, and it makes people aware of non-renewable fossil fuels as driving force of economic development mode unable to support the economy for sustainable development. People begin to actively look for renewable energy, which is used to replace traditional nonrenewable fossil energy. In addition, American subprime crisis directly causes the global financial crisis, the export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises have closed down, the economy is facing recession. It causes the world prices higher and serious inflation, the global economy enters into the depth adjustment of transition. As soon as possible to restore economic growth and increase employment, the Europe and the United States and other developed countries realize manufacturing strategic significance in the development of a country, because manufacturing industry not only creates a lot of economic value, and it contains the production capacity determining the performance of national long-term development, which has driven effect to the national sustainable development. So, the Europe and the United States and other developed countries will regard "re-industrialization" as an important strategy to reshape competition, and promote vigorously the re-dustrialized production through strengthen the R&D investment of modern manufacturing technology and the development of strategic emerging industries. Revitalizing the real economy and manufacturing industry have become the consensus of the world in the wake of the financial crisis. In this context, the third industrial revolution causes the domestic and foreign high attention. It has become our basic way to solve the problem of ecological and the only way to get rid of the financial crisis. The third industrial revolution is the inevitable result of economic development.The topic of the article is "the evolution mechanism study of the third industrial revolution ". The ideas of this study are arranged as follows:Firstly, we point out that the topic of this paper from the current domestic and international development context, point out the importance of the study, arrange the technical line of the paper, and describe research methods and major innovations. Subsequently, we review the theory and research progress of the industrial revolution, analyze industrial revolution from the perspective of endogenous growth, and sort out the relationship between human capital, endogenous growth and the industrial revolution. Then, we analyze the internal evolution of the third industrial revolution, analyze the mechanism of the third industrial revolution and evolution path based on endogenous growth method, and we get the third industrial revolution dynamic evolution conclusions. Then again, we trace the root of the third industrial revolution occurred, we find that human capital is the key to happen the third industrial revolution.So we join learning by doing in human capital formation based on MRW model, and analyze the inherent mechanism of the development of the third industrial revolution. Then again, we transform the theoretical models of the third industrial revolution into the econometric models, use the Chinese and American datas to test, and we get the conclusion of human capital to the development of the third industrial revolution. Finally, we take 3D printing and photovoltaic industry as examples, and make judgments of the evolution trend of the third industrial revolution.In this paper, the research content and the main conclusions have the following five aspects.Firstly, by contrasting with the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution, the industrial organization mode, the production mode, market structure, technology paradigm, development strategy of the third industrial revolution are quite different, and show an evolutionary trend. We construct the dynamic models of industrial revolution within a unified framework of endogenous growth, the occurrence of the first industrial revolution mainly relies on the scale of industrial workers, the occurrence of the second industrial revolution mainly relies on the accumulation of physical capital, the occurrence of the third industrial revolution mainly relies on the value of human capital.Through the dynamic mechanism analysis of the industrial revolution, we get the following conclusions. First, the third industrial revolution achieves the changes from extensive, intensive to innovative, and complies the evolution path from factor accumulation, intensive management to human capital innovation. Second, the evolution trend of the third industrial revolution is related to the driving factor, the differences in the driving factor will affect the speed of the evolution of the industrial revolution. The growth differences at different times show different trends in the economic development, the economy shows steady growth in the threshold range, but it will show explosive growth trend if exceeding the critical value. Third, increasing R&D investment blindly may not be able to push the evolution of the third industrial revolution. Increaseing investment in different periods show different effects, increaseing R&D investment will not produce effects on the evolution of the industrial revolution in a certain critical value range, but increaseing R&D investment will produce effects on the evolution of the industrial revolution when exceeding this critical value. Fourth, technological innovation materialized carrier is changing with the advance of the third industrial revolution, it shows that from the industrial labor force, physical capital to human capital.Secondly, the source of the third industrial revolution is human capital. After absorbing advanced technology, some countries can not obtain rapid economic development, because the level of human capital in the countries is very low, and does not match the advanced technology.The level of human capital can be improved by their active efforts.The differences in levels of human capital make a lot of countries with advanced technology develop very slowly, and do not grasp the opportunity of the third industrial revolution.Therefore, if the country want to obtain the the opportunity of the third industrial revolution, it needs to consider how to improve the level of human capital to enable the technology digested, absorbed and applied to the industry, even be able to develop advanced technology suited to their national conditions.Thirdly, we analyze the inner mechanism of human capital triggering the third industrial revolution. Based on MRW model, adding learning by doing variable, we build the theorical model of human capital on the development of the third industrial revolution, and we analyze the mechanism impact of the human capital elements and human capital structure on the output.The resluts show that the rise of investment rate of the education capital, the health captical, and the learning by doing can increase the per capita output of the third industrial revolution. And due to the nature of human capital with increasing marginal revenue, in the case of other conditions unchanged, the greater the proportion of human capital investment to the production department, the higher the level of output.Fourthly, based on the third industrial revolution development theory, we use the Chinese and American data to carry on the empirical analysis. The Chinese datas show that the influence of the human capital to the development of the third industrial revolution is far higher than the phyical capital, the growth potential of the health investment, education investment, and learning by doing is different, learning by doing on the development of the third revolution is more significant, human capital accumulation and stock play different roles. While the eastern, central and western regions were done, the results show that learning by doing is more significant on the development in the eastern region, health investments in human capital formation play a major role in the central region, health and education investments are more significant in the west region. Selecting American data, the resluts show that the impact of human capital on economic output is more than physical capital, health,education and learning by doing on the formation of human capital plays a different role, learning by doing on the development is more significant. By contrasting the Chinese and American datas, it show that human capital in promoting the development of the third industrial revolution is enormous in China, which is much higher than physical capital investment. The reslut may be the structural imbalance manifestation of investment in China.Fifthly, take 3D and photovoltaic industry as examples, by analyzing the fostering development paths of two industries, we master development trends of the industries and the inspiration of the revolution, as well as policy optimization in the third industrial revolution situation. Through the analysis of 3D printing case, we know that the depth of the manufacturing and services integration trend is more and more obvious, mass customization will become the main social production mode, the labor structure of the third industrial revolution changes. Through the analysis of photovoltaic industry case, we know that when dealing with the third industrial revolution, we should master the core technology of industrial development, attach great importance to the market demand, position correctly the role of government in the development of the third industrial revolution.Based on the dynamic evolution and development of the third industrial revolution, the innovation of this article is mainly manifested in the following three aspects.First, the paper tries to make a preliminary analysis of the development of the third industrial revolution. The third industrial revolution has led to the widespread attention of the society, because of the lack of the technology and historical statistical data used by the empirical research, less and less economists study the third industrial revolution. In the situation of the less research literature, trying to research the third industrial revolution is a major challenge. Based on this, this paper tries to make preliminary analysis on the development of the third industrial revolution, trying to contribute to China’s economic development strategy adjustment.Second, we try to analyze the mechanism of the third revolution from the perspective of endogenous growth. At the beginning, the endogenous growth theory is mainly used to explain the economic growth, emphasize the endogenous is the key to promote economic growth, and it is mainly applied in the field of macroeconomics. The paper tries to uses the endogenous growth theory to construct the three industrial revolution dynamic evolution models.We assume the key factor of the first industrial revolution is the scale of industrial workers, the key factor of the second industrial revolution is the accumulation of physical capital, the key factor of the third industrial revolution is the value of human capital.Third, based on MRW model, we analyze the inner mechanism of human capital triggering the third industrial revolution. Based on MRW model, adding learning by doing variable, we try to divide the human capital into education capital, health capital and learning by doing, and build the model including physical capital, human capital, education capital, health capital and learning by doing capital. Through the analysis the balanced growth path of the phyical capital, human capital, education capital, health capital and learning by doing capital, we get the effect mechanism of the factors and the structure of the human capital on the development of the third industrial revolution. We try to make the preliminary analysis of the development of the third industrial revolution from the perspective of human capital.