| According to statistics, the amount of China`s import goods was $ 20.02 billion in 1980 which rose to $1.95 trillion in 2013. The proportion of China`s import rose from 0.98% in 1980 to 9.1% in 2013 in global import trade. China has become the world’s second largest importer. Foreign-trade dependence rose from 6.6% in 1980 to 46% in 2013. Also China is the biggest iron ore importer, and import value of oil, beans and other large resource-based products has a high proportion of total world import trade.With continuous import trade scale expansion and optimization of import products structure, the role of imports in China’s economic development has become increasingly important. China`s government also gradually recognizes this and advances China has reached a new stage of paying equal attention on both import and export, we need pay attention on import as highly as export, improve relevant import policy, create a favorable trade environment for imports, and enhance efforts to promote imports. However, because the current import trade organization and policies are not perfect, the degree of import organization is low and other problems, China`s import policy environment is not ideal. Improving trade environment requires some realistic basis, we need to deeply learn and study on import so as to find the causes of China’s import growth, analyze the impact of import and confirm the position and role of import in China`s international trade.2 goals are attempted to achieve:Firstly, China`s import growth is analyzed with three margins perspective, exactly master the structure character of import growth, and deeply learn the path of China`s import growth. Growth of international trade is a collection of all trade enterprises behaviors, so analysis of trade growth should be based on the perspective of micro enterprises. In our opinion, analysis of one country`s import trade on micro-level with extensive margin, price and quantity perspective can help us to exactly master the structure character of import growth, deeply learn the path of China`s import growth, and provide a new explanation channel and theoretical basis.Secondly, by studying on the impact of imports on employment, salary, technology improvement and enterprise productivity, impact of imports are analyzed. Moreover, by studying on mechanism of the impact of imports intermediate inputs on enterprise productivity, analyzed are the differentiates of China`s import product-variety effect and product-quality effect promoting productivity.This dissertation consists of ten chapters. As normally arranged, Chapter 1 is Introduction, Chapter 2 is Literature Review and Chapter 10 is Summary and Enlightenment. Chapter 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are the core contents. The research of the four core chapters are based on the special literatures relating to the relationship between trade growth and two margins, import and economic growth, import and technology progress, import and industry upgrading, import and employment, salary, and import and enterprise productivity, which are reviewed in Chapter 2. Three margins of trade theoretical model is introduced in chapter 3, and extensive margin, price and quantity are analyzed on China`s total import growth and import partners; In order to reflect the structural differential of China`s extensive margin, price and quantity of import trade, based on the theoretical model in chapter 3, and according to technology-intensity manufactured goods classification and production stage classification, the causes of import trade growth are structurally analyzed in chapter 4 and chapter 5; The impact of imports on employment and salary are analyzed in chapter 6 and 7; The impact of imports on technology progress are analyzed in chapter 8; The impact of imports on enterprise productivity is analyzed in chapter 9.The main contents and conclusions of the seven core chapters(from Chapter 3 to Chapter 9) are described as follows.Three margins of trade theoretical model by Hummels and Klenow(2005)is introduced in chapter 3, and extensive margin, price and quantity of China`s imports from each countries in 1996-2009 are calculated. Based on these results, general extensive margin, price and quantity of China`s import and extensive margin, price and quantity of China`s imports from main partner countries are calculated. The findings are that the growth of China`s import depends on the quantity increase sharply, extensive margin takes the second place, import general price shows a trend of decline but always higher than the world average price.In chapter 4, according to technology-intensity manufactured goods classification from Lall(2000), manufactured goods are classified as resourced-based manufactured goods, low technology manufactured goods and middle-high technology manufactured goods, and three margins of each kind of manufactured goods are analyzed. The findings are as follows: 1. During China’s imports growth progress, extensive margin of high-tech manufactured goods reaches the highest level, price and quantity at second level, indicating this kind of import goods have a better optimization, but the smallest changes in all kinds of factors indicators. 2. From the perspective of the increase of various factors, the price of low-technology manufactured goods fall slightly, extensive margin and quantity increase much faster than other factors, which means recently years China`s import growth mostly depends on quantity; 3. The role of price is secondly important for import growth, and the price of resource-based manufactured goods increases fastest, the price of high-tech manufactured goods rises slightly, and the price of low-tech manufactured goods decreases lightly. It is worth mentioning that price of all import products is higher than the average import price of the world, which is in consistent with the former conclusion of the general price of imports.According to production stage classification with CEPII BACI trade database, import products are classified with intermediate goods, primary goods, consumption goods and capital goods in Chapter 5. Through decomposition of each kind of import products’ growth factors, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. In China’s imports growth, intermediate products have the highest quantity, higher price, and all kinds of factors change obviously. The consumption goods have the lowest quantity, and all kinds of factors have the smallest change. 2 Except consumption goods, the growth of China’s imports mainly depends on quantity expansion. 3 The import price has played a secondary role in the growth of import, and the role of import extensive margin is least.Since intermediate goods account for about 50% of China’s imports, intermediate goods are analyzed again with parts and semi-finished products. The import and export of intermediate goods, semi-finished products and parts are calculated, and compared with each class and compared between import and export intermediate goods. Conclusions are as follows: 1.The growth of price and quantity of parts with high-tech has made the highest contribution. 2. The export intensive margin(equals price * quantity) of semi-finished products and parts have almost same contribution to the growth of intermediate goods. The quantity of semi-finished products increases fastest, however, the growth of price is negative. The price and quantity of parts have the secondary important contribution in import growth. It is worth mentioning that, although the export price of parts has a growth rate of 51.38%, it is only half of the import price. Parts with high cost are imported and parts with low cost are exported, which means between import parts price and export parts price have a wide gap which is related to product quality and international trade environment. 3. Overall, quantity has made the highest contribution to the growth of importing intermediate goods, followed by price and extensive margin. Quantity is still a key factor in the growth of importing intermediate goods.Impacts of import on employment are analyzed in chapter 6. HS6 digit codes of CEPII BACI database are matched with 32 industries classified by Sheng Bin(2002), and according to different technology-intensity, 32 industries are classified with low technology manufactured sector, middle-high technology manufactured sector and resourced-based manufactured sector. Findings are as follows: As for employment, import has a significant impact on the employment of low-skill industries, and has little impact on other industries, which is related to the numerous existing processing trades.Impacts of import on salary are analyzed in industry level in chapter 7. Results show that the impact of current variables on all industries salary is significant at 5% level, on the high-tech-intensity sectors salary is significant at the 1% level, low-tech-intensity sectors is significantly negative at the 5% level. The resource-based manufactured sector is not significant. Value of imports increases one unit, overall industry salary increase by 14%, hightechnology manufactured sector`s salary increases by 30%, and low-technology manufactured sector`s salary increases by 22%, which means import widens salary gap between high-technology manufactured sector and other two sectors.Impacts of import trade on the technology spillover with industry research are analyzed in chapter 8. Firstly industry level TFP indices are calculated with the DEA software. And according to the degree of technology intensity, mean technology intensity, technological progress index, scale efficiency index and total factor productivity index are calculated in low-tech-intensity sectors, middle-high tech-intensity sectors and primary sectors. Secondly, with Coe and Helpman(1995) `s approach, the domestic and foreign R&D capital stocks are determined. Besides, industry absorption effect and spillover effect of imports are empirical analyzed, which shows that foreign R&D capital has significantly negative impact on industrial technical efficiency, positive impact on industrial technological progress, but the impact on TFP is not clear.Impacts of import trade on enterprise productivity are analyzed in chapter 9. Industrial Enterprises Survey Date base in 2000-2006 and the Customs database in 2000-2006 are merged, selecting import enterprises which exist from 2000 to 2006. Open- year, region, industry and other dummy variables are controlled, and then the contribution of capital and labor to China’s industrial added value of enterprises are calculated with OLS, OP and LP model. Based on Solow residual deducing value of the absolute level of TFP, business TFP productivity is obtained, and results show that import enterprises productivity is higher than not import enterprises. Enterprise productivity on cross level and regional level are analyzed, the results show that the high-tech industry has the highest productivity, the traditional industry mainly depending on the resource inputs has the lowest productivity; Guangdong and other coastal cities have maximum productivity, the central inland cities have middle productivity and western regions have the lowest productivity. Midland business productivity is higher than the western region, which means that on the one hand, the import business productivity is positively correlated with the relative local economy; on the other hand overall Chinese industrial enterprises have the existence of convergence trends. Finally, two channels of imported intermediate inputs(including product-variety effect and product-quality effect) on the productivity are empirical analyzed. Results show that although import product-variety effect of collective enterprises is poor, its import quality effect is high; Foreign enterprises have the highest import product-variety effect, its import quality effect is lower than collective enterprises; State-owned enterprises have better performance on both import product-variety effect and product-quality effect.And then the effects of two mechanisms on productivity are empirical tested. Results show that all kinds of enterprises promote productivity growth through import product-variety effects. Although the role of product quality effect on productivity is also positive, it is much lower than the contribution of product-variety effect. After enterprises are classified into middle-high-tech enterprises and low-tech enterprises, similar conclusion are also drawn. It means that the role of extensive margin in improving enterprises productivity is much higher than quality effects. Enterprises that import more intermediate inputs variety, promote productivity more obviously. Therefore, foreign firms have absolute advantage in raising enterprise productivity, collective enterprises and state-ownership firms are secondly, and private firms are the last ones. Besides, firms which import middle-high technology intermediate goods have the greatest impact on promoting enterprise productivity. But today China’s import growth is still "in order to win" model, contribution of import extensive margin to import growth is very limited, so the product-variety effect is difficult to play a better role on productivity.The main innovations in this dissertation are:Firstly, there are a lot of literatures related causes of trade growth and its impact, but they are almost in macro perspective. Although recent years it appears some papers study on trade growth path from product level and product-country level, almost of them are export trade, the similar study on import trade is much less than export. Therefore, this paper analyzes causes of China`s import growth and its impact in industry level and enterprise level which expands literatures of causes of international trade growth and its impact.Secondly, based on two margins, intensive margin is divided into price and quantity. Causes of China`s import growth can be analyzed in micro level. Besides, import goods structures` different characters of three margins are discussed according to technology-intensity standard and production-stage standard. Besides, China import goods structures` pattern and development trend are also analyzed.Lastly, the impact of China`s imports are systematically researched in macro level, industry level and enterprise level in order to make sure the position of import in international trade, especially in analysis of enterprise productivity, two channels of import intermediate goods are theoretically and empirically analyzed, and conclusions are drawn that import intermediate inputs promotes enterprise productivity through import product-variety effects.
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