Research On Optimization Of Agricultural Structure Based On Water Pollution Control In Lake Basin

With the development of economy and the advance of science and technology, agriculture has witnessed a great change that traditional agriculture characterized by using hand tools and animal power is transforming into modern agriculture characterized by using means and scientific management methods provided by modern technology and industry in China. With this change, agricultural labor productivity make continuously advance, agricultural productivity reach unprecedented levels, agricultural outputs increase considerably. But the environment of lake suffered serious damage and destruction that quantity and area slash, water quality deteriorate inceasingly by one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and ignoring ecological protection during this transfer so as to weaken ecological and economic functions of lake such as flood storage, irrigation and climatic regulation, restrict development of society and economy, especially block sustainable development of agriculture. According to this, we must survey the relationship between development of agriculture and lake environment, and discuss countermeasures for environmental protection of lake on agricultural development dimension.Based on related principles and analysis frame of agricultural economics, microeconomics, development economics, resource and environmental economics, econometrics and mathematical economics, this dissertation studies the water pollution and control of agricultural pollution in China's lake basin with the methods of theoretical and empirical analysis. Firstly, the relationship between lake eco-environment and agricultural pollution, the condition of agricultural pollution in main lake basin are analyzed objectively. Secondly, the economics reason of agricultural pollution aggravates is analyzed, furthermore, particular reasons of agricultural pollution aggravate from angles of agricultural sector, government policy and socio-economic development are analyzed. Thirdly, based on the panel data in 31 provinces (cities and municipalities) of China during 1999-2008, the relationship between agricultural pollution and its influential factors such as adjustment of agricultural Structure, farmer's income, price of agricultural means of production, population, labor, agricultural trade, agricultural production techniques from angles of nationwide and regions are analyzed by the methods of panel unit root test, panel co-integration test and multivariate regression. Fourthly, pass on successful experience of control water pollution from agriculture in foreign country, and put forward the proposals to control water pollution from agriculture for China. Fifthly, choosing a typical lake basin in region where the key motivational factor of agricultural pollution is adjustment of agricultural structure as a case, this paper applies a multi-objective optimization model to optimize agricultural structure in this lake basin, and some comprehensive supporting measures is offered for this optimization. The main results are as follows: Firstly, ecological and economic functions of lake play important roles in development of society and economy in China. However, agricultural pollution, industrial pollution and domestic pollution cause water quality of lake to be deteriorated seriously. Main pollution source of lake is agricultural pollution. Increasing agricultural pollution has a strong impact on water quality in key lakes basin of the east, middle, west China.Secondly, market failure and government failure is economics reason of agricultural pollution aggravates. The market failure is mainly caused by public goods attributes of agricultural environment, negative external effect of agricultural production, uncertainly property rights of agricultural environment, asymmetric information of agricultural environment use. The government failure is mainly caused by losing sight of agricultural environmental protection and ineffective management of agricultural environment. Reasons of agricultural pollution aggravates could be summarized as follows:assurgent proportion of output value of animal husbandry in the total output value of agriculture, descendent proportion of planting areas for grain in the total planting areas, ascending income of farmer, expanding trade of agricultural products, increasing population, reductive cultivated land and agricultural labor, inadequate funds of agricultural pollution control, deficient technology diffusion of agricultural pollution control, lack of containment law of agricultural pollution, deficient organization and mechanism of agricultural pollution control.Thirdly, at the national level, proportion of planting areas for grain in the total planting areas has remarkable negative effect on intensity of chemical fertilizer input. Net income per capita of farmers and size of population per total planting areas has remarkable positive effect on intensity of chemical fertilizer input. Price of capital goods in the agricultural sector and quantity of crop-plantation labor force per total planting areas have no remarkable effect on intensity of chemical fertilizer input. Proportion of output value of animal husbandry in the total output value of agriculture, net income per capita of farmers, size of population per total planting areas and quantity of primary industry labor force per total planting areas have remarkable positive effect on excretion density of livestock and poultry. Price of capital goods in the agricultural sector has remarkable negative effect on excretion density of livestock and poultry. At the regional level, proportion of planting areas for grain in the total planting areas only have remarkable negative effect on intensity of chemical fertilizer input in south-central, northwest and southwest of China. Proportion of output value of animal husbandry in the total output value of agriculture only has remarkable positive effect on excretion density of livestock and poultry in south-central and southwest of China. There are obvious differences between agricultural pollution and its other influential factors in different regions.Fourthly, summarize successful experience of controlling water pollution from agriculture in Japan, American and European Union in respects of containment law of agricultural pollution, countermeasure, pollution monitoring and public participation, organization and mechanism of agricultural pollution control. On this basis, some suggestions to control water pollution from agriculture in China are put forward as follows: optimize agricultural structure, develop ecological agriculture, carry out projects of agricultural environmental protection, bring stimulation of government subsidy into full play, strengthen monitoring for pollution and enhance public participation, up build mature system of law and coordination organization of pollution control.Fifthly, situation of water environment security is tense because there are some obstacles and difficulties to control agricultural pollution in Erhai basin. However, optimization of agricultural structure based on water pollution control could achieve the water quality maintenance goals that agricultural pollutants discharge are reduced by fifteen per cent on the premise of ensuring growth of agricultural output value and supply security of agricultural products in this lake basin. Carrying the optimization program into execution what will release the water environmental pressure on the one hand, will bring contradictions and problems on the other hand. So comprehensive supporting measures include management and ganizational guarantee, economic policy guarantee, service guarantee of technology research and extension and agricultural labor force shift are offered.