The Interaction Of Proteins And Nucleic Acids And Small Molecules, And Its Analytical Application

Proteins and nucleic acids are important biomolecules of life science and biochemistry. Proteins are the carrier of many physiological functions, and are also the direct expresser of physiological characters; whereas nucleic acids are the primary materials in showing the heredity and variation of life. It is very important for researchers to expound the secrets of life, to develop new functionalized medicine to surmount many difficult diseases. What we should do is to further penetrate the interaction mechanism between small molecules and proteins or nucleic acids, to develop rapid and convince assay for proteins and nucleic acids. This project is the forward position and hot point in biochemical and biophysical researches.Based on the research of analytical chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, this thesis studied the interaction mechanism between protein and small molecules, and nucleic acid and small molecules using the research techniques including fluorescence, absorption, RLS, CD, SAXS, NMR, SEM, TEM, AFM and QCM. Some rapid, accurate assays with high sensitivity and selectivity were developed for protein and nucleic acid. The main conclusions are listed as below:In the first section, we summarize the basic theory and progress of luminescent probes for proteins and nucleic acids, and comment on the experimental techniques to investigate the interaction between biomacromolecules and small molecules. 192 references are cited here.In the second section, at two excitation wavelengths, fluorescence enhancement effect in morin-Al³⁺-surfactant-protein system was reported here. From the research, we found that protein could enhance the fluorescence of morin-Al³⁺ in the presence of anionic surfactant SDBS or cationic surfactant CTAB. Different effects were tested on the fluorescence intensity of the morin-Al³⁺-SDBS-BSA and morin-Al³⁺-CTAB-BSA systems, and under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph for proteins were obtained. In morin-Al³⁺-SDBS-protein system, the enhanced intensity of fluorescence is in proportion to the concentration of proteins in the range of 0.010-13.0μg/mL and 0.0070-12.0μg/mL for BSA, 0.050-12.0μg/mL and 0.0080-15.0μg/mL for HSA and 0.040- 12.0μg/mL and 0.020-15.0μg/mL for EA at 420m excitation wavelength and 280nm excitation wavelength, respectively. Their detection limits (S/N=3) are 5.0 ng/mL and 2.0 ng/mL for BSA, 16 ng/mL and 5.6 ng/mL for HSA and 18 ng/mL and 12 ng/mL for EA at 420nm excitation wavelength and 280nm excitation wavelength,...