| In the assessment of the results of previous studies, this paper focus on the changes of water quality and the reform of drinking water in Taihu Lake Basin.With the incoming industrial and urban expansion since 1842, the mechanism of environmental changed from natural pollution to industrial pollution and chemical pollution. In the late Qing period, the water pollution was mainly blocked by the river and the crisis of drinking water was mainly in several large cities. During the Republic of China, especially after World War I, due to industrial development, many rivers were polluted. So more and more cities have drinking water crisis. After the liberation, industrial pollution expand to the rural areas. Almost all rivers were polluted and the crisis of drinking water outbreak in all area of Taihu Lake Basin.In the late Qing period, the reform of drinking water was not the daily work of the government. So the reform of drinking water just carry out in several large cities. During the Republic of China, the reform of drinking water was quite mature, it has become the daily work of the government and conducted in many cities. Meanwhile, the government promulgated various laws and regulations to promote the reform of drinking water. There were some achievements in some urban areas. However, for various reasons, particularly lack of funds and the impact of the war, most plan of reform drinking water failed to conduct.After the liberation, the government took care the reform of drinking water, constructed running water in many urban areas. But in the rural areas, due to lack of funds and scientific guidance, the reform of drinking water was failed. As lack of funds, the peasants dug mud wells in order to complete the task of dug wells. However, these mud wells were poor in water quality, even the peasants do not use. Until 1978, the reform of drinking water become scientific activities in rural areas.
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