The Study On The Biotope Mapping And The Planning Of Green Space System For New Town In Huaqiao

This paper selected Huaqiao International Business Park (Huaqiao Town) as the researchobject, which has the characteristics of new town development in a township scale. By biotopemapping, this paper built a theoretical framework of the urban green infrastructure to provide thereasonable and reliable basis for guiding the township green space system planning.By analyzing the landscape ecological index and biotope mapping (plant communitystructure) of various types of land, then comparing the comprehensive biotope mapping andrelated indicators before and after the planning, this paper discussed how the lands of differentdeveloping trends that can come form a landscape pattern coordinated to the regional ecologicalprotection in the green space system planning.(1) Using2010Landsat remote sensing data TM(ETM) imageries, topographic maps andland-use maps as the benchmark, the ArcGIS9.0geographic information system software as theplatform, then using the remote sensing image processing software Envi4.4to supervise andclassify, and using the Fragstate3.3analysis software to compile statistics: road transportinfrastructure land accounting for urban construction land ratio is about33.0%> industrial land(22.4%)> residential land (26.9%)> public administration and service facilities (11.9%)> greenspace (3.7%). Comparing the proportion of various types of land with the national standard, roadtransport infrastructure land ratio (33.05%) is more than1.3times of the GB limit (25%),however the green proportion (3.7%) is far below national standard (10%~15%), this reflects thatin the constructed lands of Huaqiao Town the construction of urban road traffic has been welldeveloped, the economy, logistics and other external transport of Huaqiao Town are rapid, yet theconstruction of green infrastructure is comparatively too weak.(2)The area-index of the primary classification of land reflects that Huaqiao Town hascomparative large-scale urban park green patch,,the artificially concentrated greening is relativelyprevalent in the urbanization process; The public green degree of fragmentation (0.123) isrelatively lower, this reflects that the urban public green space layout is too concentrated, notdispersed in the urban area. In the statistics of the2nd level biotope type we found that thenumbers of low-level intensive residential area and village residential area patches are the most;The campus patches density (0.056) is less than the average (0.218), which indicates that thelayout of the buildings is casual and the ratio of green space is relatively high. The higharea-index of public green space (247.724), lower index of fragmentation (0.016) and the edgedensity index (0.109) reflects that at this stage the constructions of public green space of HuaqiaoTown mostly are simple enclosure greening, only with the advantage of area, but the number ofthe green patches is rare and the form of the patches is simple. Though the overall degree of fragmentation of green space is low, it's difficult to exchange material and energy with thesurrounding environment effectively.(3)In the comprehensive evaluation of the biotope mapping process, we selected the ratio ofgreen space, building density, arbor crown coverage and plant species richness to make thegraded and comprehensive evaluation for Huaqiao Town,then mapped based on the results of theevaluation. The areas with the highest ratio of green space indicators focus on the agriculturalproduction area to the north and southwest of Huaqiao, which are based on green vegetation, inbuilt-up areas park land and more than five years of idle land are the unit types with the highestratio of green space indicator.(4) Three representative types of plots be selected in Huaqiao Town: urbanization plot,urban and rural staggered plot and arable land rural residential plot, and used them to proceed themicro-level biotope mapping and analysis. The urban and rural staggered plot has the largest areaof water landscape (114.603), the highest fragmentation (0.145), the lowest connectivity (33.111),the highest form index (26.647), this reflects that compared to the other two types of land, thewater landscape of urbanization plot has more area, higher degree of form complexity, higherdegree of fragmentation and significant human disturbance.ArcGIS software is used to raster the score map of vegetation richness index, rarity index,carbon storage and population dominance index, then we superposed them to generate acomprehensive map of the vegetation scores, from the map we could see that the lands of highestvalue is parkland, roadside green space, part of the riverside green space and plant nurseries. Thelands of lower value mainly are concentrated in the residential and industrial land, the growth ofvegetation there has a larger human intervention and the whole community of the vegetation isrelatively simple.(5)Most of the urbanization green spaces are subsidiary green spaces, which have a bigquantity, small area, casual distribution and poor eco-efficiency. Parts of the parkland only havethe area advantage, the material and energy exchange of which with the surrounding is poor andit's difficult for them to play an eco-efficiency. The urban and rural staggered plots have acomplex type of land, the network of their natural rivers and subsidiary greenway can become thebasis of the construction of the ecological land use landscape pattern; combined with theecological effects of the large area of farmlands, the agricultural land can form a relativelyintegral pattern of landscape ecological network.(6)From the comparison of the relationship of green space and water on the figures beforeand after the planning of the three types of land: the change of the landscape ecology index ofgreen spaces indicates that the distribution of the green patches after the planning tends to bemore homogenized, the landscape heterogeneity is stronger and the connectivity between thepatches is better. For example, the separation of the green landscape of urbanization plot is from0.010to0.008, connectivity is from44.115to44.320, the separation of water in urban and ruralstaggered plots is rom0.010to0.004. The rise of the green form index indicates that the peripheral shape of the green patches after the planning is more diverse, which is beneficial bothto the material and energy exchanges between the green patches and other landscape patches andthe internal exchanges of the green landscape.(7)By discussing the guidance of the biotope mapping to nature conservation and urban andrural planning, and by the basic ecological information of the urban and rural habitats from thebiotope mapping, this study has a relatively high reliability and practicality for the realization ofChina's urban and rural nature conservation network, it can realize the suitability analysis oflandscape ecology, the overall pattern optimization of landscape ecological planning, theheterogeneous population analysis of landscape and the spatial property analysis of landscapepattern, thus it can provide the guidance for the urban and rural planning and the construction ofthe economic garden.And the process of the eco-development of the site and recycle the materialresources is respected, advocate the site self-sustaining and sustainable technologies, then it willimprove the implementation of the concept of eco-design in urban and rural planning.