A Research On Formation, Development And Architectural Activities Of Summer Resorts In Modern China

Regarding modern summer resorts of Lushan Kuling, Mokanshan, Kikungshan and Peitaiho as research objects, the thesis starts the researches from 3 aspects which are "the general concept and research angle of view to the summer resorts", "the formation and development of modern summer resorts" and "the architectural activities in modern summer resorts"Firstly, on the basis of reviewing and analyzing relevant literatures and existing research achievements of modern summer resorts, the thesis puts forward the research thought, research content and research method. Afterwards, it has analyzed and compared the geographical, climatic and scenic conditions influencing on summer resorts' formation, illustrated the general concept of summer resorts and expounded the conclusion of modern summer resorts' constitution and its influences on summer resorts, which has clarified the relevant backgrounds and the research angle of view to the summer resorts.Secondly, the thesis presents the formation and development of Lushan Kuling, Mokanshan, Kikungshan and Peitaiho in 4 parallel timelines, which has constructed an integrated and comparative structure of 4 summer resorts' developmental courses. The author and the research group have collected, arranged and researched the relevant historical materials or literatures extensively, explored the investigation works, mapped the historic architectures and visited the relevant dept. or individuals in location for several times, which has gained plenty of investigation materials and mapping data for research. Afterwards, by using quantitative and comparative method of history, the author has accomplished the integrated research works of 4 modern summer resorts. Regarding the influencing factors (location and transportation, modern western Christianity, special historical personality and cultural history events) which affect the formation and development of summer resorts as starting point, the thesis has examined the common or special influences of all the factors. Thereinto, location and transportation is the sustentative and accelerative factor for the summer resorts' inauguration and development, modern western Christianity is the leading motivity of the summer resorts' early inauguration and development of architectural activities, special historical personality is the impetus or propeller of the summer resorts' inauguration, programming and construction and cultural history events is the crucial basis of dividing developmental periods of the 4 summer resorts' architectural activities. Furthermore, the thesis compartmentalizes the courses of summer resorts' architectural activities into 5 developmental periods and clarifies the architectural activities' general situations in every period. The thesis settles the developmental clues into "the occidental architectural activities developmental clue"and "the Chinese architectural activities developmental clue" which are superposed fore-and-aft. Then it points out the different characters of the latter developmental clue which are "the 'preposition' of the peak time of Chinese architectural activities developmental clue dominated by Beijing government", which is presented by Peitaiho and Kikungshan and "the 'postposition' of the peak time of Chinese architectural activities developmental clue dominated by Nanjing government", which is presented by Lushan Kuling and Mokanshan.Thirdly, the thesis expounds the general situations in construction business, architects (engineers) and municipal organizations of the modern summer resorts and brings forward some viewpoints that the emergence of the summer resorts' construction business, architects (engineers) and municipal organizations turned on the modernization of architectural activities, that the modernization of summer resorts'architectural activities was affected by the mainstream cities', and that the modernization of summer resorts'architectural activities dropped behind the mainstream cities'. By using quantitative method of history, the thesis researches the modern construction materials and architectural symbols of the summer resorts and puts forward the viewpoint that the summer resorts' architectural activities created some "local knowledge" which was either different from the mainstream cities'or from each other's.The thesis is one of research achievements of the project A Study on the history of Chinese modern architecture based on the innovated idea and method, which supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(Grant No.50838007)...