The Study On Soft X-ray Grazing Incidence Imaging Optical System Design And Testing Technology

With the development of space technology in recent years, people areincreasingly concerned about the solar activity and changes of space environment.The solar soft X-ray imaging telescope is the core equipment for solar observationand space weather prediction. It could get the solar corona image in the soft X-rayspectral band, and couldn't be replaced in the observation of solar activity. Thispaper is about three key technologies during development of solar soft X-rayimaging telescope, including grazing incidence optical system design, systemsengineering analysis and large off-axis cylindrical aspherical surface figure testing.According to the requirements of solar activity observation and space weatherprediction, a solar soft X-ray grazing incidence imaging optical system is designed.After a detailed study on the structure of classic Wolter type I grazing incidenceoptical system, a secondary development on ZEMAX software has executed usingZPL language. With the restrictions and evaluation functions developed, Wolter typeI grazing incidence imaging optical system is optimized. The resolution of optimizedhyperboloid-hyperboloid grazing incidence optical system with full field weightedaverage rms spot radius2.67'' has been increased41%, compared to the Wolter typeI system (full field weighted average rms spot radius4.54''). After a detailed analysisof the stray light and ghost image in grazing incidence imaging optical system, theparameters of aperture that met the requirements of stray light and vignette are presented.A systems engineering analysis on grazing incidence imaging optical systemhas been performed. And the impacts of circular entrance pupil diffraction, opticalsurface scatter, assembly errors and environmental effects on the imaging quality arepresented. An image quality analysis software which can be used to analyze andcalculate the imaging quality of grazing incidence imaging optical system isprogrammed. The software could be used to guide the optimization, development,and assessing the engineering applications feasibility of grazing incidence imagingoptical system. Finally using the software, a detailed image quality analysis of thegrazing incidence imaging optical system is performed. Following the analysisresults, the imaging error budget tree and tolerances during system developmentprocess have been given.The optical system of co-path scanning long trace profiler (CSLTP), which isused for grazing incidence imaging optical system large off-axis cylindricalaspherical surfaces figure testing, is presented. In CSLTP system, the design ofoptical scanning head could reduce the impacts of testing errors, and the using ofbeam modulator could improve the measurement accuracy. For two systematicerrors influencing result very much, we present the correcting methods: usingreversal method to correct the spindle error of rotary table, and filtering algorithm tocorrect tilt and eccentric error.