Study On New Optical System Of Space Craft Rendezvous And Docking

Space rendezvous and docking technology as the formation of a large space station, providing personnel materials supply, an important means of transporting scientific instruments is growing concerned. Among them, the use of optical rendezvous and docking technology with high pointing accuracy, strong anti-jamming capability, low risk of accidents, unattended operation, etc. Through the optical system of the target imaging, measuring its image centroid position, and then calculate the target spacecraft and spacecraft tracking relative attitude. In a later study of the work carried out in this field, in order to keep up with the pace of development of international space rendezvous and docking, is necessary to carry out research in related fields, build our self-targeting with high precision, wide-field imaging properties of the search space vehicle rendezvous and docking an optical system.Currently, the new spacecraft rendezvous and docking of the optical system development has many difficulties: many are subject to restrictions of space used, rendezvous and docking of the optical system should be able to work in the external environment, use less power under active lighting system, but also to target to aim for high precision imaging; responding on cooperative target active illumination power, detector element parameters and other factors should be considered to determine the engineering parameters of the optical system; in a large space temperature, stray light background radiation influence, rendezvous and docking of the optical system is still to ensure better image quality; in the domestic conventional processing conditions to achieve alignment detection products successfully developed; ground detection devices can efficiently detect the optical system within the accuracy range of indicators. Based on the research progress of the analysis, calculated from the relevant theory, simulation design, modeling, analysis, and other aspects of ground tests, a more detailed description to meet the future requirements of the new space rendezvous and docking of the optical system is showed, the specific conduct of follows:1. Based on the sun radiance irradiates docking structure primary, establish the irradiance expression of tracking aeroboat optical detector, calculate the values of final distance from far-field to near-field. Also calculate the irradiance value of detector affects by the reflect light from the earth while the sun locates between the aeroboats and the earth.2. Using a customized detector, combines with optical parameters and image probe distance, establish and receive the active illumination export power expression when the optical could image effective, obtains the collected energy information from far-field to near field. Future domestic optical system specifications of space craft rendezvous and docking is proposed.3. According to space rendezvous and docking the imaging characteristics of the optical system needs, reveal the influence of various optical aberrations of its image quality, thus the selection of the initial structure of the optical system as an important reference, and proposed space rendezvous and docking of the optical system can achieve great depth of field, variable pitch stability when conjugated imaging optical design principles, design three compact structures with excellent imaging quality, give the detailed evaluation and comparison, and the final structure of the actual is processing.4. Modeling and analyzing the optical structure verifies this optical system in extreme temperatures and uniform gradient temperatures field still meets the design requirements. Establish the stray analysis model, optical system PST values is calculated when the sun is in direct irradiation condition. Ghost analysis and computed value is also acquired,feasibility in stray background is proved.5. Modeling the structure, the finite element analysis software verifies the optical system reliability. Analyze the impact by the detector installation error, the simulation results of the optical system shows the optical design has strong applicability, and proving the initial optical design principles and aberration correction is correct.6. A prototype of the absolute distortion measurement is built up, and test a completed rendezvous and docking optical system all of field among the typical distance, the results demonstrate that the absolute distortion measured value is similar to the design value,good agreement is obtained among the full field, the accuracy and stability of the absolute distortion prototype measurement is verified.