| Objective and methodsSince the modern times, unification of cold disease and warm disease has been the new trend in the development of fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors theory. This study attempts to explore the characteristics of methods when the four representative doctors:Yu Genchu, Wu Zhen, Lei Feng and Ding Ganren make a diagnosis and give treatment to fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors, and the developing trend of cold disease and warm disease unification, from the middle period of Qing Dynasty to the prior period of the republic of China (A. D.1734-1926). For each doctor, we want to quantify their way to achieve unification of cold disease and warm disease; and for this phrase, we want to discuss the reasons and developed laws about unification of cold disease and warm disease.This study belongs to special compilation research (academic history research). It bases on the qualitative analysis, and joins the quantitative analysis of the cause and mechanism of disease, simultaneously utilizes analyzes and synthesizes, induction and deduction, correspondence and difference, literature measurement and so on. Main contentThis study has mainly completed the six tasks as followed.1. Focusing on the debate of cold disease and warm disease, we have reviewed the development process of fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors theory.Before the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the development of fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors theory has experienced 5 stages, including the establishment of theory before Han Dynasty, the development of theory and the abuliding differentiation of cold disease and warm disease during Jin and Tang Dynasties, the growth, progressive differentiation and debate of cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the formation of warm disease school and the debate of cold disease doctrine and warm disease during Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the tendency of cold disease and warm disease unification germinating and developing.After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the new discussion of cold disease doctrine and warm disease was restarted in the late 1950s, taking the 70s to the early 90s as the culminating. Although there is dissenting voices, the unification of cold disease and warm disease actually becomes the consensus of the majority. The unified plan includes six-meridian syndrome differentiation, defense, qi, nutrient and blood syndrome differentiation, eight principle syndrome differentiation, visceral and qi-blood syndrome differentiation, periodization syndrome differentiation and various syndrome differentiations. But so far has not been recognized to form a unified program.2. We have formulated the proven feasible quantification analysis method for doctors'syndrome differentiation characteristic.Quantitative analysis of doctors'syndrome differentiation is a new attempt, there are many places need to explore. In this study, we did some exploratory work and initially establish the proven feasible methods, such as how to formulate the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria of fevor diseases (medical record) caused by exogenous pathogenic factors, how to collect the information reflected syndrome differentiation characteristic, how to enable the nonnumeric text to be comparable, how to compare the various syndrome differentiation which be used to make a diagnosis and give treatment to fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors etc.3. We have established the syndrome differentiation element databases for the four representatives of cold disease and warm disease unificationWe collected and screened the texts from the literature written by Yu Genchu, Wu Zhen, Lei Feng and Ding Ganren, which indicate the cause and mechanism of fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors comprehensively, from the middle period of Qing Dynasty to the prior period of the republic of China (A. D.1734-1926), and established the syndrome differentiation element databases for the four representatives of cold disease and warm disease unification.4. We reorganized and analyzed the four representatives'academic experience and syndrome differentiation characteristic of the cold disease and warm disease unification.We collected the four representatives'academic experience on cold disease and warm disease unification from their literature. Then we calculated and analyzed the use of eight principle syndrome differentiation, six-meridian syndrome differentiation, defense, qi, nutrient and blood syndrome differentiation, triple-energizer syndrome differentiation, disease cause syndrome differentiation, qi, blood and fluid-humor syndrome differentiation and visceral syndrome differentiation, and summarized each doctor's syndrome differentiation characteristic that achieve the goal of cold disease and warm disease unification.5. We induced the four representatives'similarity and individuality in syndrome differentiation characteristic.In the basic of each doctor's characteristic, we induced the four representatives'similarity and individuality in the achievement of cold disease and warm disease unification. We discussed the reason and significance of these similarity and individuality, and outlined the developing trend of cold disease and warm disease unification in the times.6. We refined philosophy rule which embodied in the developing process of cold disease and warm disease unification.From formation process of cold disease and warm disease unification, we discovered some laws hidden behind, and these laws have certain philosophy significance. ConclusionsAbove all, we draw the following conclusions.1. The syndrome differentiation for the four representatives to achieve cold disease and warm disease unification is characteristics.1.1 Yu Genchu's syndrome differentiation characteristics of cold disease and warm disease unification include:1.1.1 Maintaining six-meridian syndrome differentiation independent, he Look the eight principal syndrome differentiation and six excesses factor as i,he foundations, visceral syndrome differentiation and other pathogenic factors as auxiliary, constructed the eight principal-six excesses syndrome differentiation frame, and integrated the thought of warm disease.1.1.2 By six-meridian syndrome differentiation infiltrating the eight principal-six excesses syndrome differentiation frame, he made both relatively independent so that the two complement each other. For cold disease, he used six-meridian syndrome differentiation predominantly and eight principal-six excesses frame complementally; for other fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors except cold, he used eight principal-six excesses syndrome differentiation frame predominantly and six-meridian syndrome differentiation complementally.1.1.3 Commit to manage fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors by cold disease doctrine, but the guiding principles "managing external contraction by six-meridian syndrome differentiation", "managing Pestilence by triple-energizer syndrome differentiation" that he advocated have not realized completely.1.1.4 In the eight principal-six excesses syndrome differentiation frame, he emphasized the importance of the eight principal:exterior and interior for nature of disease, cold and heat for location of disease, the caose of disease such as cold, heat and wind, the influence of phlegm-retained fluid, dyspepsia and miasmic toxin, the functions of the spleen and stomach.1.2 Wu Zhen's syndrome differentiation characteristics of cold disease and warm disease unification include:1.2.1 Depending on eight principle syndrome differentiation and six excesses factor, he extended six-meridian syndrome differentiation by visceral syndrome differentiation, qi, blood and fluid-humor syndrome differentiation and other pathogenic factors, constructed the eight principal-six excesses-six-meridian syndrome differentiation frame, and integrated the thought of defense, qi, nutrient and blood syndrome differentiation and triple-energizer syndrome differentiation.1.2.2 He paid great attention to the cause of disease such as heat, emphasized the importance of the eight principal:exterior and interior for nature of disease, cold and heat for location of disease, the transmission and transmutation of pathogen in the lung, stomach and pericardium, the pathological changes of qi-blood during the course of disease, the influence of phlegm-retained fluid and miasmic toxin.1.3 Lei Feng's syndrome differentiation characteristics of cold disease and warm disease unification include:1.3.1 In the basic of six excesses factor and eight principal syndrome differentiation, he took visceral syndrome differentiation and other pathogenic factors as intermediary, communicated and developed the cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine organically.1.3.2 He broke through the fetter of cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine, and integrated the thought of cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine to other syndrome differentiations.1.3.3 He discriminated fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors by taking the six excesses (or seasonal pathogen) as longitude, and the factors of exterior, interior, cold and heat in eight principal syndrome differentiation as latitude, and explored the diseases from viscera and other pathogenic factors. He emphasized the key role of stomach in the course of disease, the influences of latent qi, miasmic toxin and phlegm-retained fluid. He transformed the frame of cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine into the eight principal-six excesses syndrome differentiation frame.1.4 Ding Ganren's syndrome differentiation characteristics of cold disease and warm disease unification include:1.4.1 Taking the six excesses factor, eight principal syndrome differentiation, other pathogenic factors and visceral syndrome differentiation as intermediary, he communicated and developed the cold disease doctrine and warm disease doctrine organically, and formed realistic syndrome differentiation mentality of fever diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factors.1.4.2 He took the thought of yang brightness syndrome and greater yin syndrome to contain defense, qi, nutrient and blood syndrome differentiation and triple-energizer syndrome differentiation, but retained defense, qi, nutrient and blood syndrome differentiation for severe illness. He paid great attention to the causes of disease such as heat, dampness and wind in six excesses, latent qi, phlegm-retained fluid and dyspepsia in other pathogenic factors, emphasized the importance of the eight principal:exterior and interior for nature of disease, cold and heat for location of disease, the transmission and transmutation of pathogen in lung and stomach. He synthesized these thought to carry on the expansion and the conformity for the syndrome differentiations of cold disease and warm disease.2. There are similarities in the syndrome differentiation characteristic of the four representatives to achieve cold disease and warm disease unification.in the methods of syndrome differentiation, they based on six excesses factor and eight principal syndrome differentiation, but stress visceral syndrome differentiation, other pathogenic factors and six-meridian syndrome differentiation respectively. In the elements of syndrome differentiation, they attached importance to heat in the six excesses, the eight principal: exterior and interior for nature of disease, cold and heat for location of disease, the transmission and transmutation of pathogen in stomach, the phlegm-retained fluid in other pathogenic factors.3. The philosophy rule which embodied in the developing process of cold disease and warm disease unification.The unification of cold disease and warm disease is objective necessity under the specific space and time condition. The unification of cold disease and warm disease is a gradual process of reification and objectification. The unification of cold disease and warm disease is the result of inherent laws and exterior social factor combined action.
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