Study On Inhibition Of Endothelial Cell Inflammation Factors By Coixenolide

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. One out of three people dies from CVD. From the crippling or even death-causing CVD, artery hardenability disease makes up more that 75%. Right now, according to many researches, chronic inflammation plays an important role from initiation to progression in the pathological process of atherosclerosis. In 1976, Ross mentioned that inflammation accelerate atherosclerosis formation. With technological progress, more and more evidences revealed that local and systemic inflammation show important effects in the occurrence, development, and complications of atherosclerosis.Coix lacryma is used as both medicine and food since ancient times. In traditional Chinese medicine, the record of Coix started from Sheng Nong's herbal classic (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing) and was taken as top grade medicine. From current studies, many phytochemical active ingredients from Coix were discovered and one of them is coixenolide, the acetone extract being widely used in anticancer. In addition to anticancer usage, coixenolide is used for immune regulation through chemokine factor modulation. Purpose:In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation model. Treating vascular endothelial cells with different concentrations of coixenolide, the production change of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-αand IL-1β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-βwere observed to understand whether coixenolide could regulate inflammation related cytokines to inhibit the inflammatory response of endothelial cells.Methods:We added 0,5,10,20,40,80, and 160μM of coixenolide diluent to vascular endothelial cell line. Incubating for 2 hours followed with LPS added to induce inflammatory respone. As to control groups, no coixenolide diluent or LPS were added. After incubated for 24 hours, ELIS analysis was used to analyze the amount of inflammation related cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β, in the coixenolide treated medium.Results:The results showed that in ECV304 endothelial cell medium without LPS, the inflammation related cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-αand IL-1β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, were not detected. With LPS, ECV304 endothelial cells would secret inflammation related cytokines. As with less than 20 u M of coixenolide, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-αand IL-1β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-βshowed no statistical significance (P>0.05). With higher concentrations of more than 20 u M, coixenolide could effectively decrease the amount of TNF-αand IL-1βand increase IL-10 and TGF-βwith statistical significances (P<0.01).Conclusion:Coixenolide could effectively inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-αand IL-1βand increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-βto inhibit inflammation response of endothelial cells. This research helps to understand the pharmacological effect of coixenolide and could be the basis for further research of coixenolide on treating CVD.