Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Regulatory Subunit, The Peroxisome Proliferator - Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator Agent-1¦Á And Calpain-10 Gene Genetic Variation And Type 2 Diabetes And Hypertension Association Studies

Background: Diabetes is a major public health problem affecting more than 135 million people worldwide. Its prevalence has increased dramatically during the past several decades. According to the reports from WHO, about 20-40% of type 2 diabetes patients had increased blood pressure. The status of diabetes with hypertension contributes further to the development of cardiovascular disease and increased the disability and death rates. Some studies suggested that hyperinsulineamia and insulin resistance were related with blood pressure level. The causes of diabetes were poorly understood. However, its familial clustering and the high rate of concordance in monozygotic twins implicated genetic factors. Although genome-wide screens had led to the localization of some potential susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes in some populations, each study localized susceptibility to different regions of the genome, such as, chromosome 1q, 2q, 3q, 4q, 5q, 12q and 20q, suggesting that it is difficult to confirm a causal variation. At present, the number of candidate genes of diabetes and hypertension was more than one hundred respectively, yet there were no consistent results. In view of the close relation between diabetes and hypertension in clinical elements and etiology, the present study focused on identifying the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p85a) (Pik3rl), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and calpain 10 (CAPN10) on the development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in northern Chinese population.Methods: We performed a case-control study including 494 cases with type 2 diabetes and hypertension and 557 age-and sex-matched normal healthy controls. All participants (aged 25-75 years) were unrelated and randomly recruited from the northern area of China. Diabetes was diagnosed in reference to the fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration ≥126mg/dl (7.0mmol/l) and/or use of hypoglycemic medications. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90mmHg, and/or taking antihypertensive medications. All control subjects had normal blood pressure (SBP<135mmHg and DBP<85mmHg) and normoglycemia (FBG<100mg/dl (5.6mmol/l)), and no history of diabetes or hypertension. Subjects were excluded if they had one of the following states:...