| Microwave denatured skeletal muscle is a good material for repair peripheral nerve short distant gap, and marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are muti-potential differentiation cells. Several experiments have evidenced that MSCs can differentiated into Schwann-like cells and take part in the repair of peripheral nerve. This experiment focus in finding the way of MSCs differentiate into Schwann-like cells and it' s mechanism, observing the effect of microwave denatured muscle for repair longer distance facial nerve gap (10mm), and the methods and effect of using of MSCs by transplantation into the graft for the repair. Our research divided into two parts. Firstly, we retried the ways have been published by Woodbury and Dezawa and find that there are some defects in their ways. The result got in the induction for neural cells maybe cells contraction due to living environment change and cellular toxicity. The way to induce MSCs into Schwann cells is very complex and has low reliability, because it is on the base of Woodbury' s method. We designed the induction procedure derived from the mechanism of peripheral nerve repair. At first, we use the extract of denatured peripheral nerve to induce MSCs, and confirmed the feasibility by the morphologic change of the MSCs. Then we use the rat Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as the main revulsant to induce MSCs in serum free condition, and got the typical expression of Schwann cells. Secondly, we use three kinds of autografts to repair 10mm long gap of marginal branch of rat facial, there are facial nerve grafts (A), microwave denatured muscle grafts (B) and microwave denatured muscle grafts with MSCs transplantation (C). We compared the regenerated axon number, nerve conduct velocity and action potential of the three groups at the second, fourth and eighth week. The axonal regeneration of group B and C are faster the group A at the second week. At the fourth and eighth week, group A has more myelinated axons than the others.
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