| Chuanxinlian, the dried aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. is a Chinese herbal medicine used as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug for treatment of fever, cold, laryngitis and diarrhea. And it was specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the P. R. China (2000) as an anti-virus and anti-bacterial remedy.The systematic investigation on chemical constituents led to the isolation of fifty compounds. On the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis, the structures of the 45 compounds were elucidated, and they are neoandrographolide (1), 3, 14-dideoxyandrographolide (2), andrographolide (3), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4), 19-hydroxy-8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-15, 16-olide (5), 14-deoxy-andrographolide (6), 3-oxo-14-deoxyandrographolide (7), 3-oxo-14-deoxy-11, 12- didehydroandrographolide (8)*, isoandrographolide (9), bisandrographolide A (10), bisandrographolide B (11), bisandrographolide C (12), 3α, 19-dihydroxy-15-methoxy-8 (17), 11, 13-ent-labdatrien-16, 15-olide (13)*, (8S)-14-deoxy-17-hydroxyandrographolide (14), 18-hydroxy-14-deoxyandrographolide (15)*, (12R)-hydroxyandrographolide (16)*,(12S)-hydroxyandrographolide (17)*, 14-deoxyandrographiside (18), 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide(19), andrographiside (20), (7R)-hydroxy-14-deoxyandrographolide (21)*, (7S)-hydroxy -14- deoxyandrographolide (22)*, 14-dehydroxy-andrographolide (23)*,β-D-glucopyranosyl- 8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-16, 15-olid-19-oate (24)*, 8(17), 13-ent-labdadiene-15, 16, 19-triol (25)*, 3α, 15, 19-trihydroxy-8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-16-oic acid (26)*, bisandrographolide E (27)*, bisandrographolide F (28)*, 3α, 19-dihydroxy-14, 15, 16-trinor-ent-labd-8(17), 11 -ene-13-oic acid (29)*, 3α, 12, 19-trihydroxy-13, 14, 15, 16-tetranor-ent-labd-8 (17)-ene (30)*, 7, 8-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone (31), 5-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone (32), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 5'-tetramethoxyflavone (33), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2'-trimethoxyflavone (34), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 3'-tetramethoxyflavone (35), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7, 8, 2', 3'-tetramethoxyflavone (36), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone (37), 5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavanone(38), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (39), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8β-D-glucopyranosyloxyflavone(40), andrographidineC (41), 7, 8, 2', 5'-tetramethoxy-5β-D-glucopyranosyloxyflavone(42)~*, andrographidine A (43), 5, 7, 4'- trihydroxyflavone (44), 5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone (45), respectively. Among these 45 compounds, 30 are diterpenoid lactones and derivates of them, 15 are flavones. Among them, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 42 are 16 new compounds, 7 and 36 are two new naturally occurring products isolated from Andrographis paniculata, 5, 38, 44 and 45 were isolated for the first time from Andrographis genus.The microorganism Aspergillus niger, AS 3.739 was employed to bio-transform the substrate—neoandrographolide, seven products were isolated and purified from the fermented broth, and the structures of the five products were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analyses. The identified compounds are 8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-16, 15-olid-19-oic acid (1), 3, 14-di-deoxyandrographolide (2), 18-hydroxy-8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-16, 15-olid-19-oic acid (3)~*, (3R)-hydroxy-8(17), 13-ent-labdadien-16, 15-olid-19-oic acid (4)~*, (8S), 19-dihydroxy-ent-labd-13-en-16, 15-olide (5)~*, respectively. Among these five products of diterpenoid lactones, 3, 4, and 5 are new compounds.The above mentioned results would provide chemical substances for elucidating the antiviral constituents of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees., and further investigating antiviral structure-activity relationship.
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