.90 Kinds Of Yunnan Mushroom In Vitro Anticancer Activity Evaluation And Active Ingredient Research

Natural compounds, e.g., derived from plants and fungi, which show various biological activities and chemical novelty, may be a source of potential drugs. In the search for antitumor leading compounds from high fungus, we screened the fruit bodies of 90 poisonous mushroom species of Basidiomycetes from Yunan, China, for the cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines by MTT bioassay.90 poisonous mushrom species belonging to fourteen genus such as Amanita, Agaricus, Boletus, Leccinum, Pulveroboletus, Suillus, Tylopilus, Cortinarius, Inocybe, Lactarius, Russula, Sarcodon, Hypomyces and Gomphus, eight families such as Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Boletaceae, Cortinariaceae, Russulaceae, Hydnaceae, Hypocreaceae and Gomphaceae, three Orders as Agaracales, Aphllophorales and Hypocreales, two classes as Hymenomycetes and Pyrenomycetes, two subphyla as Basidiomycotina and Ascomycotina were collected from Yunnan province, southwest of China. The results indicated that the most of lipid extracts including petroleum light and ethyl acetate extracts have significant cytotoxicity, whereas polar extracts including ethanol and water extracts have no clear cytotoxicity. It implied that the activity is associated with small molecular secondary metabolites not with high molecular weight. It was found that out of 90 investigated species 43 exhibited cytotoxic activity. Approximately 50% of screened crude extracts of mushroom showed cytotoxic activity while 8 species displayed strong cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ (concentration that yields 50% growth of cancer cells)value of less than 35μg/ml. Among them, 35 species with cytotixicity were remained no chemical and biological reports till now. It appears therefore that further investigation of these groups of mushroom species is justified because they may constitute a potential source of chemotherapeutics.By bioassay-guided fractionation procedure using human tumor cell lines led to the isolation of two compounds from 2 species as Engleromyces geetzii P. Henn., Amanita flavorubescens affected by Hypomyces hyalinus. Structure elucidation of them have been identified as cytochalasin D and verticillin A, respectively. All of them showed strong cytotixicity against human tumor cell lines with average IC₅₀ values of 7.35 ×10^-6M and 6.6×10^-8M, respectively.In vitro test, Cytochalasin D showed antitumor activity against various human tumor cell lines shch as NB4, HL-60, K562, U937, KU812, SMMC 7721, BCAP37, HeLa, SK with an average IC₅₀ values of 7.35 ×10^-6M, antifungal properties against plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.with MIC values of 12.5μg/ml , insecticidal activity against Panonychus sp. And Myzus persicae (Sulzer), whereas Veticillin A exhibited antitumor activity against various human tumor cell lines as K562, SMMC 7721, HepG2, BCAP37, MCF-7, HeLa, SPC-A1, DU145, SW620, Jurkat with an average IC₅₀ values of 6.6×10^-8M, antifungal properties against plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea with MIC values of 10μg/ml. NO insecticidal activity was found with Veticillin A. Both compounds can inhibit the proliferation of human cell lines through apoptosis.