Licorice Yellow The Baicalensis Kinds Of Variation And Selection Of Basic Research

Intraspecies mutation among the medicinal plants is plentiful so that the adaptability isvarious in different aspects. Regarding the widely distributed species, the morphologic changemaybe appear more various due to complicated influential factors. It is very useful to study theintraspecies mutation of the medicinal plants systematically. The research would not only behelpful to understand the courses and reasons of intraspecies differentiate and commitment, butalso be helpful to supply the theoretical foundation for studying the evolution, differentiate insubspecies'level and selecting good mutation type. It would be helpful to breed new cultivatedvarietyaccordingtoresearchpurposeanddirectionaswell.RadixGlycyrrhizae andRadix Scutellariae are widelyused medicalmaterialsin China.Theirwild resources are very small and the cultivated area is getting larger. The cultivated medicinalmaterials have become to play the key role in clinic and the course of Chinese patent medicineproduction. However, the qualityof the cultural medincinal materials is too irregularto satisfytheproduction, development and utilization. So far, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi don't have the good cultivated varieties to satisfy the production. Therefore, itisurgentandimportanttobreedgoodcultivatedvarietiesofthem.In thisarticle, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgiwere studied insuch aspects as growth traits, content of active components, photosynthesis physiological nature,idiogene expression, genetic diversity, etc. The research methods were involved in such subjectsas morphous taxonomy, chemistry of TCM, botanical phytosynthesis psysiology, molecularbiology. The intraspecies mutation of them were studied and the good mutation group wasselected.Themainresultsareasfollowing:1. It was showed that both of their intraspecies mutation are plentiful after studyingheteromorphosis and differentiate of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi.Regardless of its ages, soil and ecological environment, Glycyrrhiza uralensis's morphologiccharacteristics appeared such great mutation as colorofstem-,appendix of stem(spinyhair),shadeof leaf margin etc. On the basis of this, a systematic study was made about cultivated Glycyrrhizauralensis, and 8 types of mutation had been divided; plentiful mutation existed in manycharacteristics ofcultivated speciesasnumberofarborization ofstem, sizeofleaf,coloroffloweretc. 8typesofmutationhadbeendividedaccordingly.2. Different extent mutation existed in growth traits and content of active components ofvariantGlycyrrhizauralensisFischandScutellariabaicalensisGeorgi(1) By analyzing growth traits index and content of active component of different variantGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch , the results showed that three kinds of them reflected great growthvigorwhichwasrespectivelygreenstemandwrinklingleaf, greenstemandslickseeds,andgreenand slick stem. Among the four active components, the contents of total flavonoids, glycyrrhizicglycosideandglycyrrhizicacidwerehigherthanothermutationtypes,itwasrespectively6.90%,2.45%,3.69%.Thepurpleandslickstemtypecontainmorepolycose,itscontentwasrespectively11.32%,10.84%. The contents of glycyrrhizic glycoside and glycyrrhizic acid in the green andsting stem, purple and slick stem, and yellow green and sting stem were much lower thanminimumstandardinthePharmacopeiaofChina.The results by correlation analysis showed that total weight of main roots, number ofamphitropalstemandnumberofbranchrootshadnonenotabledependabilityofmutationtypesofpatria Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Among the four active components, the total flavonoids wasnot distinguished relativity to any growth traits, but such factors was distinguished mutualcorrelation like polycose, glycyrrhizic glycoside, glycyrrhizic acid, growth high, D- basal part ofstem,D-20 and weight of main root, etc. They were also correlative with other growth traits in different extent. Results by Parameter analysis showed that effect directly of D-20 to the yield ofGlycyrrhiza uralensis was the greatest, the effect ofD-basal part of stem was secondly, the effectof number of tillar was the smallest. After transplanting, the biomass of heteromorphosis ofGlycyrrhiza uralensis was relative positively to growth traits in some extent. Resultsby.analysis morphologic characteristics of heteromorphosis types from provenance andtransplanting Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed that the morphologic characteristics mutation ofGlycyrrhiza uralensis wasgeneticanditdidnotchangewithenvironmentalcondition.(2) The deviation of growth trait and contents of active components of heteromorphosis typeof Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was significant. Most of growth traits was conspicious relativityexcept branch roots; the discrepancy of contents of baicalin among the types was striking, thecontents of the type of green stem, large leaf, multiarborization and violet flower and the type ofpurplestem, largeleaf, multiarborizationandlavanderflower werebothconspiciouslyhigherthanother types. It was respectively 15.82%,15.46%. Results by correlation analysis showed that theweight of main roots is significant positive correlation with growth high, diameter of stem, anddiameter of main root, also significant correlation with number of arborization of stem, width ofleafit. The contentsofbaicalin had extreme clear-cutcorrelation with diameteroftaproot, and hadclear-cut correlation with roughness of stem,number of arborization of stem and weight of mainroot, but did not have correlation with growth height. Results by Parameter analysis showed thatthe order of extent to effect Scutellaria's yield was respectively diameter of taproot, diameter ofstem,growthhigh,numberofarborizationofstemandlengthofleafit.3. By analyzing phytosynthesis physiological character of different variant of Glycyrrhizauralensis and Scutellaria baicalensis, results showed that the discrepancy of some index wasdistinctasinter-typephytosynthesisphysiologicalparameters,dailychangeofphytosynthesisetc.(1) Some physiological index of many kinds of Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed major discrepancylike Pn, photosynthesis capability, contents of chlorophyl, AQY,CE,LSP,LCP,CCP,SC,WUE,EUand response to high temperature etc. Daily change of Pn display bimodal curve, the bimodalcurve appear in AM and PM,a low valley namely midday rest of phytosynthesis would beemerged in PM. By analyzing phytosynthesis physiological index and environmental factors, afollowing result was that the rest of phytosynthesis of Pn in midday was originated fromnone-limiting factor of air pore. Effect discrepancy to high temperature from different type ofGlycyrrhiza uralensis was notable. In the child-bearing period, heteromorphosis of Glycyrrhizauralensis Pn showed singlet curve, Pn of three type of them like green stem and wrinkling leaf,green stemand slick seeds, and green and slick stem was higher totally than other types. Analyticresult of dependability showed that conspicuous dependability existed between the biomass ofheteromorphosisofGlycyrrhizauralensisandPn.(2)Differenceofphytosynthesisphysiologicalnatureofinter-typeScutellariabaicalensiswasconspicuous. Manyof phytosynthesis physiological indexes showed most of superioritylike Pn,AQY,CE,LSP,CCP,EU,WUEofthetypeofgreenstem,largeleaf,multiarborizationandvioletflowerand thetype ofviolet red stem, large leaf,LCPand SC ofthe type ofvioletred stem, smallleaf, multiarborization and purple flower were very low. Daily Pn change of different type ofScutellaria baicalensis showed bimodal curve or a curve will appear not only in PM but also inAM with its peak and a visible low valley would appear after midday namely phytosynthesismidday rest. After analyzing, a following result could be concluded that decrease of Pn in wasoriginatedfromnone-limitingfactorofairpore.4. Analytic result by cDNA-AFLP showed that discrepancy on the level of gene ofheteromorphosis of Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be discovered. The differential expression geneparticipatesmostofphysiologicalmetabolicactivity.Utilizing cDNA-AFLP, 22 differential expression straps had been sieved. Among the total,16 straps presented differential expression while 6 straps presented increment expression. 14 differential expression gene fragments had been cloned. Analytic result by BLAST indicated thatall of 14 straps had its congelleric gene order, protein function of 6 strap of the total could not bedisclosed viz supposing protein, this protein maybe was a new gene. One gene fragment could befound its homologous genes. 7 fragmen codogenic protein participated antibiosis of plants cells'normal physiological function, adjusted metabolism of organism, strengthened the heat resistanceandboostedtheazotificationcapacityetc.5. Analytic result by cDNA-AFLP showed that genetic diversity of heteromorphosis ofScutellariabaicalensiswasveryplentiful.Utilizing AFLP, 2834 strip and 1332 polymorphism strip had been coamplificated bydetecting 9 pair of primers. average polymorphism site was 47.8%. Among the total, the type ofviolet red stem, large leaf, multirborization and lavanderflower had the most specific sites and 34singlet stated straps. Secondly, the type of green stem, small leaf hypoarborization and purpleflower, and the type of green stem, large leaf, multirborization and violet flower, the number oftheir singlet state straps was respectively 30 and 26; genetic resemblance index of each typeScutellariabaicalensiscouldbecalculatedfrom0.72to0.84.6. High-yield, fine–quality heteromorphosis of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Scutellariabaicalensis hadbeenselected.By aggregate analyzing and comparing each type of Glycyrrhiza uralensis'index fromprovenance and transplanting like growth traits, active components, phytosynthesis physiologicalcharacters, aconclusion could bedrawnthatmostoftype ofGlycyrrhizauralensishad high-yield,fine-qualitycharacterthat used asbreeding materialsworthyto be studied. Forinstance, the greenstem and reductions leaf type, green and slick stem seeded type, green and slick stem type wasstudied. The type of violet red and slick stem and the type of violet red caudax and slick stemcouldbestudiedasbreedingmaterialsofpolysaccharidesGlycyrrhizauralensisBy aggregate analyzing lots of index of each type of Scutellaria baicalensis such as growthtraits, contents of active conponents, phytosynthesis physiological characters and geneticpolymorphism etc, a following result showed that the type of green stem, large leaf,multiarborization and violet flower, the type of violet red stem, large leaf, multiarborization andvioletflowerwerebothtobeutilizedasgoodbreedingmaterialsforhighyieldandfinequality.Peculiarity and creativity of this article:(1) Systematical intraspecies mutation anddifferentiation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi had beenresearched in lots of angles, multistrata by comparing and analyzing its morphologiccharacteristics, contents of active components, phytosynthesis physiological characters, specificgene expression, genetic diversity etc. some high-yield and fine quality heteromorphosis types ofthem had been selected. Therefore, a solid foundation for breeding and provide reference forstudying intraspecies mutation of other medicinal plants had been established. (2) It was the firsttime to utilize cDNA-AFLP, study specific gene expression of mutation type of Glycyrrhizauralensis and widen application area of this method. (3) 14 differential expression ETS order hadbeen cloned from different Glycyrrhiza uralensis heteromorphosis and registered. All of this ESTparticipate many of vital movement such as disease-resistance, thermoresistance and normalphysiological metabolism. The gene resources was accumulated and the foundation for studyingfunctional gene of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was settled. (4) The phytosynthesis physiologicalcharacterswerestudiedsystematicallyandthediversityofphotosyntheticalparameter wasnotable.The results showed bimodal curve diurnal, phytosynthesis midday rest was originated fromnone-limitingfactorofairpore.