| Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, BeijingPurpose: To assess the different prevalence of chronic kidney disease between native Chinese and American race groups and to explore possible reasons. Participants: A stratified multistage clustered screening for chronic kidney disease performed in Beijing in 2006 was compared with data from NHANES 1999-2004 (participants aged≥20 years, 13602 Chinese, 6755 whites, 2467 African Americans, 2988 Hispanics). Methods: Serum creatinine was calibrated at the Cleveland Clinic Laboratory for each race group. Reexpressed abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation for American and modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation for Chinese was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Glomerular filtration rate less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 was diagnosed as chronic renal insufficiency. Albuminuria was diagnosed if urine albumin creatinine ratio greater than 17 mg/g in male or greater than 25mg/g in female. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed if chronic renal insufficiency or albuminuria. Results: Compared with American whites, blacks and Hispanics, Chinese had lower prevalence of albuminuria (12.01%, 15.70%, and 13.49% vs. 9.25%), chronic renal insufficiency (9.35%, 5.24%, and 3.40% vs. 1.37%) and chronic kidney disease (18.86%, 18.37%, and 15.48% vs. 10.23%), even after adjusted by covariates. Moreover, Chinese hold the lowest renal susceptibility to risk factors. However, when suffered from chronic renal insufficiency, Chinese seem to at higher risk of renal function decreasing than whites and Hispanics but at lower risk than African Americans. ObjectiveTo explore the influence of low birth weight on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adult women.Methods653 female nurses aged 19 to 60 years were enrolled in this study and divided into group A (aged 19 to 29 years), B (aged 30 to 39 years) and C (aged 40 to 60 years). History of hypertension, birth weight, height, and weight were obtained by self-report. Fasting glucose, serum lipid and creatinine were measured. Birth weight less than or equal to first quartile was defined as low birth weight (LBW), between first and third quartile was defined as normal birth weight (NBW). Modified MDRD equation for Chinese was used to calculate GFR. Independent risk factors of hyperfiltration (GFR exceed 95th percentile) and renal function decreasing (GFR lower than 5th percentile) were identified respectively by using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) of LBW participants was equal to (111.77 vs. 111.74), higher than (107.70 vs. 103.44), and lower than (91.29 vs. 98.12) that of NBW participants in group A, B and C, respectively. LBW participants with overweight/obese had significantly higher GFR in group B (111.21 vs. 104.15) but lower GFR in group C (88.74 vs. 98.88) than NBW counterparts. LBW participants with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or abnormality of fasting glucose had non-significantly higher GFR at group B (105.55 vs. 98.35, 113.84 vs. 104.15 and 111.11 vs. 104.59, respectively) but significantly lower GFR at group C (88.64 vs. 103.08, 83.98 vs. 97.34, and 82.98 vs. 99.41, respectively) than NBW counterparts. LBW was independent risk factor of hyperfiltration in group A (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02-8.15) and group B (OR 5.85, 95% CI 1.1-31.01), and also risk factor of renal function decreasing in group C (OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.25-33.7).Conclusion Under effect of metabolic damage factors, LBW women had more prominent hyperfiltration at late youth and renal function decreasing at middle age.
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