The Skullcap Harvested Law And Its Mathematical Model

The quality of Chinese medicinal materials determined the efficacy and clinical effect.How to seize suitable collecting time and gain top-quality medicinal material has been the focus of attention.Scutellaria baicalensis is the dried root of Baical Skullcap belonging to labiate,and it is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine.The phenophase of Scutellaria baicalensis was investigated in the fields of Yanqing,Beijing, Juxian,Shandong province,and Changchun,Jilin province,the ruel of appearance character and internal quality was studied,and thus the optimum harvest time was determined.Meanwhile climatic factors and soil factors in the experimental field of Scutellaria baicalensis were investigated,and some of them were selected as the main impact factors.In order to provid guidance for determination of the best harvest and to provid new thinking and new methods for the research of the harvest time of root drugs, an environment model for predicting the three effective components in Scutellaria roots was set up by the lars method in matlab software on this basis.Main research resaults were as followings:1 Research on the rule of root yields of Scutellaria baicalensisRoot weight and root diameter of Scutellaria baicalensis with different growth years increased slowly before fruit maturation period,rose rapidly after it,and reached maximum in leaf yellow period.Root weight rose markedly from the first year to the second year,and didn't slow down until the third year.It was found that the color of root bark deepened,the surface of root had obvious wrinkles and easily deciduous corks,and some roots were found with dead hearts with the increasing of cultivated years.2 Research on the rule of chemical constituents in Scutellaria baicalensisThe analysis of content and fingerprint were developed by HPLC and UPLC method,respectively.The research resaults indicated that main ingredients in roots were distinct obviously from those in stems,leaf,flowers and fruits,major constituents in roots included baicalin, wogonoside,baicalein,wogonin and oroxylin,etc,those in other locations of Scutellaria baicalensis were scutellarin and baicalin,etc.The resualts of fingerprint similarity evaluation showed that chemical constituents in Scutellaria roots collected in differet phenophases had good consistency in number,but made a difference only in content. Based on the comparasion of the content change of 9 common peaks representing elements,it was found that the contents of baicalin,wogonoside and some components with high polarity reached peaks in leaf expansion period or fruit maturation period,while the maximum content of baicalein,wogonin and oroxylin was found in blooming period. The resaults also showed that main ingredients in stems,leafs,flowers and fruits changed greatly in different phenophases,which varied in number and in content.Chemical constituents in flowers and fruits changed in the highest degree,those in stems took second place,those in leafs varied lowest.However,samples collected from the three areas only changed in content in the same phenophase.The content peak of baicalin in Scutellaria roots collected from the three places above_mentioned appeared in leaf expansion period,but in Yanqing,Beijing the content arrived at the second one in fruit maturation period.The total contents of the three effective components all reached the maximum in leaf yellow period,and in Changchun,Jilin province they increased less than in the other two places.The content of scutellarin in Scutellaria stems and leaves was higher in leaf expansion period than in the other phenophases,but that of baicalin varied differently,and in the period of squaring and early flowering the contents of scutellarin and baicalin in flowers and fruits were higher than in the other phenophases.It was reported that scutellarin had the function of antioxidation and reducing blood lipid.Because the contents of scutellarin in Scutellaria stems and leaves were in a high level,they can be used as medicines on effectively utilizing resources.3 Distribution laws of biomass and nutrient elements in different locations of Scutellaria baicalensisThe proportion of biomass of different locations of Scutellaria baicalensis and that of N,Ca,Mg,P and K content were computed.The distribution law showed that in leaf expansion period and in leaf yellow period the proportion of biomass of root reached the highest,and in leaf expansion period or in fruit maturation period that of N,Ca,Mg,P and K was the biggest.The distribution laws showed that the phenophases when the biggest percentage of biomass of roots and that of nutrient element content in roots were consistent with the time when the contents of baicalin and the three effective components in roots were in the highest level.The harvest time of Chinese medicinal materials was determined on the basis of contents of chemical components and yields.So this paper selected the three effective components in Scutellaria roots as evaluation index,and found that the total content in three-year-old roots were higher than in one-year-old or two-year-old roots.Considering that the proportion of the total content in two-year-old roots was about 80%of that in three-year-old roots,and some three-year-old roots were found with dead hearts,So Scutellaria baicalensis should be harvested in leaf yellow period in two-year-old.4 Climatic characteristic of the key phenophase of Scutellaria baicalensis and determination of the best haverst timePlant phenology phenomenon was synthetical reflection of the environmental factor of past and present.The plant phenophase had an earlier onset of spring,a delay of autumn, and a lengthening of growing season with the global warming.So the division of the harvest time by phenomenon was more scientific than by month or season.It showed that leaf expansion period and leaf yellow period were the key stages for the growth and the development and secondary metabolism.There was a strong correlation betweent the contents of baicalin and the three effective components and phenophases.Based on sorting and analyzing the daily climate data,the climatic characteristics of leaf expansion period and leaf yellow period were as followed,respectively.In leaf expansion period,the days appearing daily maximum temperature above 20℃were more than 90%of the days of leaf expansion period.In yellow period,average air temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and effective accumulated temperature above 10℃showed a downward trend;the days appearing average air temperature above 15℃and daily maximum temperature above 25℃were less than 20%of the days of leaf yellow period.5 Selection of climatic factors and soil factors related to the three effective components in Scutellaria rootsPath analysis and correlative analysis revealed that cliamatic factors such as daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature,daily range of temperature,sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature above 10℃were important for the total content of three effective components in Scutellaria roots,soil factors including available P and soil moisture were important for it.6 Development and validation of an environment model for predicting the total content of the three effective components in Scutellaria rootsBased on the experiments conducted in Shandong province,and Changchun,Jilin province,the total content of the three effective components in Scutellaria roots independent variable and climatic factors and soil factors dependent variable were made respectively,and an environment model for predicting it was established by the lars method in matlab software.The model was as followings.Y=-0.24429×X₂-1.7513×X₄+4.7647×X₇-5.066×X₉+1.929×X₂×X₄-0.93945×X₇²Y- the total content of the three effective components,X₂- daily maximum temperature,X₄- daily range of temperature,X₇- sunshine hours,X₉- effective accumulated temperature above 10℃The model was tested by the different data in Yanqing,Beijing,the RMSE values was less than 30%.The results indicated a better fit between the simulated and observed values of the total content of the three effective components.The prediction effect of the model was good,so it can provide help for the determination of the best harvest time.Nevertheless,this model study was still at the beginning stage at present,and it should be perfected further.