The Comparative Research On The Academic Thinking Of ZhouYi And Huangdi Neijing

As an ancient classics and masterpiece,ZhouYi is combinated with philosophy,natural and social sciences.It is said in the Siku Quanshu that ZhouYi includes astronomy,geography,temperament,art of war,and arithmetic. The study about ZhouYi had begun with the time of Confucius in histroy.The relation of ZhouYi and TCM had had became a hot topic in the ZhoYyi academic community and the Chinese Medicine profession since the Tang Dynasty.As the oldest of classics,how much ZhouYi impacted on Chinese Medicine? Whether there exists a natural academic origin of the relationship between ZhouYi and Chinese Medicine? Whether that is determined the formation and development of Chinese Medicine? Taking an overview on the research on Chinese Medical and ZhouYi, although we had received lots of results in the relationship between ZhouYi and NeiJing,we must accept the fact those studies were far from enough.For example,some studies were short of basis,some studies took it for granted of belittle or elevation.Yet there was short of detailed research on the nature of theory,the source of academic,and the way of thinking.Predecessors had made a lot of research on the relationship between ZhouYi and NeiJing,but most holdingone end.Namely,that was lack of systematic study.The topics had cleared the relationship of academic thinking between ZhouYi and NeiJing by system research on the historical status of ZhouYi,as well as on the documented literature,philosophy and the mode of thinking.The results show that:1.Documented literature could not support the relationship of direct source between ZhouYi and NeiJing.Book of Changes being a work in the period of Yin and Zhou Dynasty,was pubilished no later than the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty.Yi Chuan was in a book in the late Warring States period.But the NeiJing was a crystallization of the long history of production,life experience,medical practice,philosophy, and comprehensive natural science from the Warring States period to Han Dynasty. So it inferred that ZhouYi could be an impact on the formation of academic thinking about NeiJing only from the time.But there are up to 21 kinds of ancient literatur books,covering the ancient astrology,ancient philosophy and ancient Chiesen Medicine,but no direct indexing about Book of Changes and Yi Chuan.In addition to two parts of NeiJing there is no direct reference about hexagram,easter speech,and yaoci in the full text of NeiJing However,in view of Tianyuanji Big Theory is one of seven major of Plain Questions,which is completed by WangBing in Tang Dynasty.And the chapter of Nine-palace Eight-winds does not hold a major position in the NeiJing.So we could not assert that there be an inevitable relationship of the academic source between ZhouYi and NeiJing.Of course,there are indeed a number of scattered records of ancient Chinese Medicine knowledge in the book of ZhouYi,such as disease and drug records.But the relevant medical thinking in Book of Change is only occasionally involved because of the level of the ancient,not a system. Although Yi Chuan is a collection book of philosophy,natural sciences,and social sciences,there is a greater distinction compared with NeiJing.After all Yi Chuan is not a medical book.Other ancient pre-Qin literature,such as the Book of Songs,Book of Mountains and Seas,ZhouLi has more abundant records of the ancient medical knowledge than ZhouYi.2.In the Spring and Autumn period,which an important stage of NeiJing academic thinking formed,ZhouYi has not been established its academic status.Because of the different status in the various historical periods,ZhouYi also had a different impaction on the other areas in various periods.ZhouYi was not included in the classic of Confucianism in the pre-Qin,only was spread as a divination in the civil circulating because scholars mainly had learned the Book of Songs,ShangShu,li,music at that time.And the burning of Confucian in era of the First Qin Emperor,ZhouYi had escaped burning and spared because of it being seen as the book of divination,that reflected it less academic and little impact on the political.Truly upgrading ZhouYi as one of Confucian classics was in the Han Dynasty,and being seen as the first Confucian classic above the Book of Songs,ShangShu,li,music and Spring and Autumn.Since then,ZhouYi was as a financial Confucianism and Taoism into the knowledge of chinese philosophy,politics,culture,science and technology fields,and played an important role in various fields.Because ZhouYi had not established its academic status in Spring and Autumn Period that was an important stage or key time of the formation about NeiJing academic thinking. So it was impossible to play an important role in other areas,including medical fields.After the Hart Dynasty,ZhouYi had been playing a decisive role in all fields.The nature of reasons was that Confucian scholars expressed their own philosophy perspective by ZhouYi' s MacGraw text,and these perspectives were used by rulers in Han Dynasty.3.The life sciences of NeiJing were based on some philosophy and academic thinking of ZhouYi and Zhuzi 100.ZhouYi,although being respected for the expression of pre-Qin philosophy, after all it was only one part of ancient philosophy.It was a prosperity period of the academic and the vigorous development about ancient philosophy from the era of the ZhouYi to the times of NeiJing.As dominant academic schools in the Pre-Qin period,the philosophy of Zhuzi had a greater impact on the formation of NoiJing academic ideology.Such as some deep perspective of LaoZi, ZhuangZi,GuanZi,MoZi,Han Foizi,Lu's Spring and Autumn and other works had a certain impact on the theory formation of NeiJing academic ideology,and gave it theoretical basis.For example Yin-yang and Five-elements theory were based on concept of Yin-yang of ZhouYi and view of the Five-elements of ShangShu. Which theories were developed by Guanzi,Zouyan and Dong Zhong-shu.So Yin-yang and Five-elements theory of NeiJing was an extension of idea of Confucian, Taoist,etc.in TCM,its source not only in ZhouYi.In perfecting the process of medical system,there was either directly or indirectly using the various philosophy of ZhuZi,such as using the idea of country governance analog medical governance,the doctrine of the Mean Thought to explain the Yin-yang, five elements,air blood,organs,meridians and other related medical theories.4.Mode of thinking in NeiJing was the way of the ancient understanding of the world,not an unique of ZhouYi.Xiang-thinking being basic mode of thinking in ZhouYi,was one of the most commonly methods used by the ancient to understand the world,and was one of the characteristics of ancient chinese philosophy.For exploring life laws, NeiJing applied Xiang-thinking to view as reasonable,classify the objects, understand the unknown,and then form the theory of TCM about Zangxiang, meridian,pulse,disease syndromes,etc.XiangShu is a tool of ZhouYi recognizing the complex world.NeiJing also uses it to constructe the theoretical system of medicine.Book of Changes does not clearly reflect the overall concept of harmony between man and nature.There are only specific examples about forecasting for good and bad and analogy personnel by natural phenomena.Sancai thinking is a system cosmology of ZhouYi,and is excellent expression on the overall thinking of harmony between man and nature.The overall thinking of harmony between man and nature makes basic theory of Chinese Medicine be more clear and objective in NeiJing.As the ancient philosophies,the thinking of XiangShu and Harmony between man and nature must be most important thinking which understand the world at that time.That was not unique of ZhouYi.NeiJing is only used the prevailing mode of thinking to understand the world at that time,such as the thinking of XiangShu and the overall thinking of harmony between man and nature,to build its theoretical system of medicine combining with anatomical knowledge in ancient.To sum up,the philosophy of ZhouYi was not dominant in the Spring and Autumn era,that was an important formation stage of academic thinking of NeiJing.So the philosophy of ZhouYi could not be essential status to impaction on NeiJing.ZhouYi had a role in the formation of academic ideology of NeiJing, but non-dominant role.That is,there is no the relationship of academic origin between ZhouYi and NeiJing.That relationship is reflected on the same of individual point of philosophy and the same mode of basic thinking,such as Yin-yang,the overall thinking of harmony between man and nature,and Xiang-thinking,etc.The other books before NeiJing,such as the GuoYu,Zuo Zhuan,Chancery,Laozi,ZhuangZi,GuanZi also play an important role in the formation of the academic thinking in NeiJing.The perspectives,that ZhouYi is no-no and the source of Chinese Medicine,are the points of Yi learning writers after the Western Han Dynasty.The purpose is to state their views by the obscure vague Easter speech,and also promote and develop Yi learning.