| Objective:In China, the major infectious disease usually refers to AIDS, schistosomiasis,tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and so on, and these diseases had great impact onsocio-economico After SARS, governments paid more and more attention on publichealth work and made relevent policies and security measures to support these work.However, public health imputs can't suit with social development, at this time,non-governmental organizations play an important role in public health services,particularly in the control of major infectious diseases. As the internationalnon-governmental organizations often require their partners in China should benon-governmental organizations, so a large number of government agencies,government organizations and institutions began change to non-governmentalorganiztions, as well as placed a premium on new societes' appearance. Recently,non-governmental organiztions in China is facing five major problems: lack of funds,lack of activites place and office equipments, lack of qualified personnel, poor ingovernment's support and chaos in the internal management of organizations. Theproblem which involved non-governmental organiztion itself is lack of funds, lack ofqualified personnel and chaos in management.The purpose of this paper is aimed at promoting non-governmental organiztions'participation in China's control of major infectious dieases. To anlyze and assess thestatus of nationa INGO's and CNGO's management style, role, activites and itsfinancial operation mode in China at different theoretical and empirical levels, and toassesse the effectiveness of non-governmental organiztions' participating inprevention and control of major infectious diseases. Based on above research, toimprove non-governmental organiztions' management models in the control of majorinfectious diseases and provide theoretical basis and policy recommendations forrelevent department to constitute related NGO norms in the area of health. Methods:This study is a multidisciplinary applied research, the paper will refer to multidisciplinarytheoretical research methods, such as new pulblic management theory, pluralistic societygovernance, civil society and the third section. Form the point of methodological view,this study used a combination of empirical and normative research. At the level ofempirical research to analysed non-governmental organizations' basic status,organizational capacity, the existing legal, policy environment and plight of developmentin the area of major infectious diseases' control. To used cluster analysis and applicationanalysis to analysed the data. At the same time, to discussed non-governmentalorganizations' impact of China and its challenge and opportunities on development fromthe perspective of normative analysis in oder to put forward relevant policyrecommendation report.Results:1. Through literature analysis, the paper analysed the theoretical basis of the thirdsection's development between government and market from the perspective of newpublic management theory and pluralistic society framework.2. The survey on the status of non-governmental organizations' participating inmajor infectious diseases summed up as: (1) 32.5% of principal have a college degreewhich is the largest proportion, followed by high school degree and junior high schooldegree, respectively account for 22%, the university degree and master degree inresponsible for the smallest proportion which account for 11%, amongnon-governmental organizations, in addition to INGO, the main principal' degree islower in other CNGO; (2) the age of vast staff is under 35, a small number of staffage is 36-45 and 46-55, the age above 55 is zero, it means that the age structure insuch organizations tend to younger; (3) among NGO in the sruvey, which have formalregistered in the civil affairs departments, industrial and commercial department orother government departments account for 47.06%, that is more than half of the NGO didn't register, among these formal registered NGO, which registered in the civilaffairs departments account for 53%, in industrial and commercial department accountfor 22%, in the preparation department of managements account for 3%, in othergovernment department account for 13%, it means that major non-governmentalorganizations didn't register, the reasons for unregistered is main lack of business unitin charge and lack of funds; (4) NGO's management model is often the system ofdemocratic consultation; currently the funds mainly come from the outside, includingdomestic funds and foreign funds, the self-financing capacity is weak, 40% ofrespondents thought their management model is consultations, 35% of respondentsthought their model is democracy, and 7% of them thought there is patriarchal model,other 7% thought they have no fixed model; (5) The vast NGO's activity areafocused on education and publicity, the organizations engaged in education, publicityand advocacy account for 92.31%, behavioral intervention account for 46.15%, legalaid account for 23.08%, medical care account for 46.15%, funds collection accountfor 7.69%, psychological counseling account for 23.08%, it is also consist with thetenet of" prevention first, education first" in the major infectious diseases controlwork; (6) international NGO paid more attention on media publicity but CNGO'ssocial impact is lower, the NGO which were reported by media every time when theytake control activities account for 11.11%, these were reported some time account for33.33%, these were reported very few account for 22.22%, and 33.33% were neverreported.3.The results of assessment on NGO's capacity show that: currently the capacitydistinction between INGO and CNGO is great, relatively speaking, demostic NGO'scapacity is general less, the most important problem is the lack of fund-raisingcapacity. (1) the capacity of fundraising from government is best, which is 3.1667, theworst is enterprise fundraising, which is 2.1818, the capacity score of funding fromindividuals and internationg organizations is below 3 points, the vast organizations have no specific funding staff or department, no annual fundraising plan, no incentivemechanism for encouraging fundraising and the expansion of the donor. In addition togovernment and international NGO's financial support, they only gain a little supportfrom enterprise, individuals and other demostic organizations;(2) theself-management capacity needs to be further improved, these NGO generally don'thave sound financial management and human reaource management mechanism, thesocre is only 0.537, at the middle level; (3) finally, the capacity on combating majorinfectious diseases is relatively low, the capacity on publicizing self image is alsolower, so it is difficult to expand these social influence, the capacity on socialmobiliztion is at lower-middle level CNGO lack the enthusiasm on mobilizing otherorganizations or individuals to combat the major infectious diseases. In addition, thecapacity on activites organization is relatively high, but lack of supervision capacity.Although the overall level of CNGO is not high, but vast of them have recognizedtheir deficiency, and the need to improve their capacity is very urgent, it is a goodstatus in demostic NGO's development. Therefore, the strengthening of NGO'scapacity building is the effective ways to play NGO's role on control of infectiousdiseases.Conclusions and Suggestions:The main conclusion: (1) currently, the development of NGO at the field ofmajor infectious diseases control is rapid, age structre tends to younger, personnelstructure is relatively stable and decision-making tends to science. The object ofinfectious diseases control almost covered all high-risk groups, work place focuses onthe large and medium-sized cities and began to expand the small cities and rural areas.The fashion of activities is main communion and gradually diversified. Work contentis education, publicity and advocacy, followed by behavioral intervention,medicalcare, legal aid and psychological counseling. (2) these are some shortcomingson NGO's development, the most prominent issue is the deficiency on capacity, mainly on financing capacity, financial management capacity and human resourcemanagement mechanism, self management capacity, self image publicizing capacity,mobilization capacity and supervision capacity is still defective. All these restrict thedevelopment of NGO, and affect their role on infectious diseases control; (3) NGOhave palyed a positive role at the field of major infectious diseases control in ourcountry, and had been recognized by clients; (4) at present, NGO's development facesmany difficulties at the field of major infectious diseases, the main difficulty is thesystem develoment.Policy recommendations: (1) from the government level, government shouldchange concept; adequate funding is the important security for NGO's development,the main reason of affecting NGO's effect is the chaos in functions betweengovernment and NGO, so inder to make NGO play its important role in infectiousdiseases control, government need to distinguish functions; NGO's development atthe field of infectious diseases control need the guarantee of system legalizing; (2)from the cultural environment level, to strengthen market mechanism, on the one hand,China's NGO should associate with enterprise through its intermediary advantage toaddress the economic challenges posed by infectious diseases; on the other hand,enterprises should actively participate in infectious diseases control work; focus onthe social level, to strengthen monitoring mechanism and evaluation mechanism, aswell as confidence mechanism building; (3) from the self-construction level, theself-construction should focus on capacity building and creat orderly internalenvironment.Innovation and Deficinecy:The main innovation of this study: (1) the first time to give a research on NGO'smanagement model on its participating in major infectious diseases, throughcombining with the management model of three types of major infectious diseases,according to the " third section management theory" and the survey research on NGO and service objects, to carry out assessment on NGO's institution, human, finance andsocial benefit, there were on report on above research at home and abroad; (2) toapply cluster analysis and correspondence analysis into empirical research dataanalysis which is rarely applied in China.The deficinecy of the study: the papers only selected diseases which NGOinvolved in actively to make research, assessment and recommendations, such asAIDS, tuberculosis and avian flu, it need to make further reseach and disscussion onother types of major infectious diseases; this study is only the elementary research,whether the framework in this study is adapted to other diseases's research alo need totest, enrich and develop in practice... |
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