Study On The Chemical Constituents And Bioactivities Of Arachniodes Exilis And Parathelypteris Glanduligera

Arachniodes exilis (Hance) Ching is a folk medicine in China to treat hepatitis,inflammation, dysentery and burn scald. Up to now, there was little report about thechemical constituents and bioactivity of A. exilis. We did the investigation on thechemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity and quality standardof A. exilis to explore this folk medicinal resource.Twenty-three compouds were isolated from the rhizomes of A. exilis by normaland reverse phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, andidentified as araspidin BB (1), arachniodesin A (2), arachniodesin B (3), aspid in BB(4), Methyl-phlor-butyrophenon (5), aspidinol (6), eriodictyol (7), miscanthoside (8),eriocitrin (9), eriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (10), cyanidenon (11), cyanidenon-4'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (12), epicatechin (13), procyanidin BB (14), pterosin C -14-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), pterosin P-14-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16),β-sitosterol(17),β-sitosterol acetate (18), daucosterol (19), stigmasterol acetate (20),clerodol (21), hexadecanoic acid (22), methyl palmitate (23), respectively, on the basisof physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Among these compounds, 1-3were new, and the other were obtained from this species for the first time.Additionally, fourteen compouds were isolated from the aerial parts of A. exilisand identified as naringenin (1), narirutin (2), eriodictyol (3), miscanthoside (4),eriocitrin (5), luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (6), 5, 7-dihydroxychromone-7-O-rutinoside (7),5, 7-dihydroxychromone (8), ursolic acid (9),β-sitosterol (10),β-sitosterol acetate(11), daucosterol (12), hexadecanoic acid (13), methyl palmitate (14), respectively.In the bioactivity test, the ethanol extract of A. exilis performed potent in vitroantioxidant activities on reducing power, lipid peroxidation, DPPH radicals, ABTSradicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. And theactivity demonstrated dose-dependent manner. In the in vivo study, the groups with dose 360 and 720 mg/kg treated with extract showed a significant alteration in thelevels of antioxidant and hepatoprotective parameters towards the normal whencompared with the CCl₄ control. Furthermore, the activity exhibited dose-dependentmanner. Especially, the group with dose 720 mg/kg performed similar effect to thepositive control (silybin, 100 mg/kg). Relatedly, the high dose showed hepar damage.The hepatoprotective activity of A. exilis may be related to its antioxidant ability,which need to be confirmed by further study.In the quality standard study, the moisture content was no more than 13%, thetotal ash content was no more than 6.5%, the acid-insoluble ash content was no morethan 25%, the 80% ethanol extract was no less than 20% and the total flavonoidcontent was no less than 10% with rutin as equivalent.Parathelypteris glanduligera (Kze.) Ching is another folk med icine, used fortreating dysentery, difficulty in micturition, bleeding wound and scald. Up to now,there was little report on its component. We did study on the chemical constituentsfor the further exploitation. As a result, sixteen compounds were isolated from themethanol extract of P. glanduligera, and identified as parathelypteriside (1), 3, 4-dihydroxyhenzoic acid (2), kaempferol (3), astragaloside (4), trifolioside (5),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (7),quercetin (8), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (9), rutin (10), Myriciatrin I(11), 3'-methyl-4', 6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-chalcone (12), 3', 5'-dimethyl-4', 6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-chalcone (13),β-sitosterol (14), daucosterol (15) andβ-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside-6'-eicosanate (16), respectively. Among thesecompounds, 1 was new, and the others were firstly obtained from this species.