Disease The Term Of The "five Classics" And "ya" And "yellow Emperor" Is A Comparative Study

Purpose:Five Classics,dating from Hun Dynasty,is the collection of five Confucian Classics.It includes Yijing("Classic of Changes"),the Shujing ("Classic of History"),the Classic of Poetry,the Collection of Rituals,and the Chunqiu("Spring and Autumn Annals").In Tang Dynasty,Nine Classics includes the Collection of Zhou Rituals,the Collection of Rituals,the Rituals, Chunqiu about Zuoshi Biography,Chunqiu about Gongyang Biography,Chunqiu about Giliang Biography,the Classic of Poetry,the Shujing and Yijing.The Erya is the oldest Chinese dictionary.When Emperor Tang Wenzong made the lection on the stone,the Erya was included.Five Classics here refers to the Classic of Poetry,the Shujing,Yijing,the Collection of Rituals and the Chunqiu about Zuoshi Biography(Zuo Biography in short term).There are lots of terms about illness in Five Classics and The Erya.Some of the significance in them is in use,some change to new one and some vanish.Through the research of the illness terms in the two books,this article is to ensure the significance of the illness terms,to find out the origins of the development by comparing with the Neijing, to study the reason for the illness and to perfect the common dictionary and the professional dictionary.method:By collecting the works,the article sorts the illness terms in Five Classics and The Erya.The detailed methods are as follows:â‘ Database Search.It can find our the relevant illness terms in Five Classics and The Erya through Thirteen Jing Index.Also it can search through electronic versions of the Siku Quanshu and the Jingshi Ziji.â‘¡Manual Search.That is to find the relevant illness terms by reading the two books.â‘¢Screening.One word may appear for many times with different significance. We can select the sentences with medical significance by reading and illustrating.â‘£Works Analysis.It can find the various definitions from some works like Comments to the Thirteen Classics,the Jingdian shiwen,the Guxun Huizhuan,the Erya Yishu,etc.Also it can analyze the original and extended meaning from works like Shuowen Jiezi,Shuowen Jiezi Notes,Shiming,Guangya,Jiyun,Guangyun, Yupian,Tongxun Dingsheng,Zhengzi Tong,etc.Through the combination of the contemporary description,the historical comparison and the data statistics, the purpose is to analyze,conclude,collect and extract the original meaning and the exact meaning in the concrete context,to analyze the etiology and pathogenesis of the illness,to find out the origins of the development by comparing with the Neijing,and to ensure the change and extinction of the illness. Also by comparing with the Dictionarv of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Dictionary,it is to perfect the faulty points,to find the lost significance and to do textual research about the documentary evidence in it.Results:1.The article does the textual research for 59 illness terms,with 5 having no or tiny change comparing with Neijing,with 6 having new meanings comparing with Neijing,with 48 extinguishing comparing with Neijing.The extinction has four kinds:the first one refers to the whole extinction of the definition;the second refers to the term extinction which means the new one replaces the old one;the third is the term extinction which means the new one replaces the old one and the definition changes;the fourth refers to the situation that the extinct term appears in the latter medical works with tiny change or new meaning.(1) Terms with no or tiny change:Five terms like Bo,Meng,Nue,Yang and Xinbing.Bo means being lame or being unmovable with foot.It means being lame in Neijing;Meng means being blind, Meng is used in Neijing instead of Meng to refer to being blind:Nue means Malaria, while in Neijing it refers to the hot one and the cold one;Yang means the body illness,the same as in Neijing;Xinbing means the illness in heart because of excessive alysmus while any illness in heart in Neijing.(2) Terms with new meanings:Six terms like Fei,Yang,Ci,Dian,Kuang,and Gu.Fei refers to illness generally,while illness with the wind or Fei sore in Neijing;Yang refers to the head sore or itching,while carbuncle or itching in skins in Neijing;Ci refers to tiny illness or fault,while disability in limbs or carbuncle in shoulders in Neijing;Dian refers to illness generally,while epilepsy as the same as Dian in Neijing;Kuang refers to illness to be mild in spirit,while Mania in Neijing;Gu refers to the illness of having worms in the body or confusion in spirit for a long time,while having the white fluid in urine in Neijing.(3) Terms not used in Neijing:It has four situations.The first one is terms not used in Neijing,with the 40 examples like Gu, Sou,Miao,Zhai,Shan,Wei,Bi,Tu,Pu,Huitui,Xuanhuang,Qulao,Zhu,Jiu, Cui,Qin,Yu,Guan,Lu,Li,Zhi,Min,Jiu,Mei,Cuo,Mo,Qi,Guanguan,Yuyu,Quchu,Qiong,M in,Zha,Geng,Huai,Xinji,Wuhui,Yuchun,Chenni,Zhongzhui.Among them,Gu,Sou mean being blind:Miao means anorthopia without being blind;Zhaimeans being ill for tiredness;Shan means having hot symptom not cold one;Wei means sore in hind tibia;bi means sore and bald in head;Tu,Pu,Huitui,Xuanhuang,Guanguan all mean having illness for excess tiredness;Qulao,Cui,Qin,Qiong all mean having illness for excess labor:Jiu,Li,Zhi,Min,Jiu,Mei,Yuyu all mean having illness for alysmus;Mei,Min mean having illness for excess miss;Geng refers to illness generally,while the symptom of illness in Neijing,with the meaning of the shape of stalk like grass stabbing people;Huai means the inner illness of the wood while the inner illness in Neijing;Xinbing means the illness in heart because of excessive alysmus while any illness in heart in Neijing.Quchu mean the head only throwing back not throwing forward:Wuhui,Yuchun mean being an idiot;Chenni means rheumatology;Zhongzhui means the foot swelling; Qi means emaciation;Mo,the dialect,means illness generally. The second one is the replaced terms with same or similar meaning,not used the terms in Five Classics and Erya,like Zhong,Luan,Xindang,Qishi,Feiji,etc. Among them,Zhong refers to the foot swollen,while edema of the foot and cnemis with the writing as Zhong;Xindang refers to the irregular beating or the flustered feeling of heart,while it has the replaced term as Xinxuan or Xinji; Luan refers to limb spasm in muscle and vessel in Neijing with the writing as Luan;Qishi refers to the illness of disability of throwing back the head,with the replaced terms as Lou,Loufu,Yulou in Neijing to make the same meaning; Feiji refers to the disability,while the same meaning with the word of Fei.The third one is the replaced terms with changed meaning,not used the terms in Five Classics and Erya,with the example like Shu,Chen,Dan.Chen means calenture,while aeipathia with the word of Zhenin Neijing;Shu means the illness of alysmus,while in Neijing Shu is regarded as Shu,to refer to the sore of fistula with the word Shuliu;Dan means the breakdown from constant overwork, while in Neijing it is written as Dan with the meaning of Xiaozhong Illness.The fourth is the situation that the terms not used in Five Classics and Erya appear in the latter medical works with tiny change or new meaning,like Miao,Wei,Shan,Huai,Zha,Cuo,Zhaietc.Miao means anorthopia without being blind, while one-eye being blind in Treatise on the Causes and Manifestations of Diseases;Zhaimeans illness of tiredness,while is written as LaoZhai in Golden Mirror of Medicine and means the serious illness of deficiency for tiredness in Zabing Yuanliu Xizhu;Wei means sore in hind tibia,while called Hengchuang in Invaluable Prescriptions for Ready Reference and Lianchuang,Ganchuang in Jileibian;Bi means sore and bald in head,while Bai Bi in Zhenzhizunsheng,while Sheshi in Compendium of Surgery;Zha,Cuo refer to loemia or early death because of loemia,while early death because of loemia in Medical Secrets from the Royal Library;Shan means having hot symptom not cold one,while as a general term in Danxi Xinfa.2.There are three types of pathogeny according to the reasons to cause the illness,that is,the type of diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor, the type of diseases caused by internal injury,the type of diseases caused by other reasons.Diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor include illness for six evils and loemia;diseases caused by internal injury include illness for the three emotions,illness for diet and illness for excess tiredness; diseases caused by other reasons include illness for poisonous worm,illness for ghost,illness for disaster and illness for psychological elements.(1) Diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor:â‘ Illness for six evils:Here it has 5 terms of illness for hygropathy like Zhong,Wei,Chenni,Zhongzhui;1 term of illness for disharmony of temperature and coldness like Nue,Cuo;1 term of illness for hotness like Mo.From this,we can see there are only four exogenous evils to be illness including coldness, temperature,hotness and hygropathy in Pre-Qin Period.â‘¡Loemia:one term for death for loemia,like Zha.Loemia is spreading in famine year.(2) Diseases caused by internal injury:â‘ Illness for the three emotions:It includes 19 terms for the worried emotion like Shu,Chen,Yang,Geng,Huai,Jiu,Xinbing,Yu,Guan,Luan,Li,Min,Jiu, Mei,Mo,Yuyu,Qiong,Min,Zhi;13 terms for the excess thinking like Shu,Yang, Kuang,Geng,Xinbing,Xinji,Yu,Guan,Luan,Zhi,Mei,Qiong,Min;2 terms for sorrow like Min,Jiu.From this,we can see there are only three emotional elements to result in the illness in Pre-Qin Period,while sorrow makes the greatest ratio in these three.The feature in this part is that one illness often mixes with other two reasons like illness for thinking and worry.So doShu,Yang,Geng, Xinbing,Yu,Guan,Luan,Zhi,Mei,Qiong,Min.Also like illness for worry and sorrow.â‘¡Illness for diet:One term like Dian.It refers to illness for in Fivo Classics and Erya.â‘¢Illness for excess tiredness:It includes two kinds like excess labor and excess indulgence.There are 10 terms for the excess labor like Dan,Huitui,Tu,Pu,Xuanhuang,Qulao,Cui,Qin,Min,Guanguan.Such kind of illness is so general that we usually explain it as illness,with the symptom as being tired. There is one term for the excess indulgence like Gu,which means confusion in mind because of the excess indulgence.(3) Illness for other reasons:â‘ Illness for parasitic tympanties:One term like Gu,which means the illness for the harm of poisonous worms.â‘¡Illness for ghost:It includes 2 terms like Xindang,Shan.â‘¢Illness for disaster:One term like Yu,refering to the illness for disaster or harm.It should be defined as the psychological term.â‘£Illness for psychological elements:It has 1 term like Lu which means illness for shame.There are 17 terms without any relations to the pathogenic factors including Bo,Miao,Gu,Meng,Sou,Zhai,Fei,Ci,Bi,Yang,Quchu,Qishi,Zhu,Qi,Feiji,Wuhui,Yuch un.They can be classified to two types --- one is for the terms of physiological disease like Bo to be lame,Gu,Meng,Sou to be blind,Miao to be narrow in one eye not being blind,Bi,Yang to have sore in head and body,Quchu,Qishi to be throwing back not throwing forward or throwing forward not throwing back,Feiji to be disable,Wuhui,Yuchun to be an idiot.The other type is for the terms of being abnormal like Qi to be limp,Zhaito be tired,Fei to be regarded as the general illness,Ci to be faulty.Conclusion:1.In the point of time to finish the works,Neijing has crossing with Five Classics and Erya,while later than them.Yijing is finished in the late Xihan; Shujing shows the history of Dynasty of Yu,Xia,Shang and Zhou;the Classic of Poetry is made between the start of Xizhou Dynasty and the middle age of Spring and Autumn Period;the Collection of Rituals is finished in the late Warring States Period;Chunqiu about Zuoshi Biography is a history of Spring and Autumn Period and is popular in Warring States Period;Erya is regarded to be finished in the end of Warring States Period and then improved by the scholars in Qin and Han Dynasty;Neijing,except Qipian Dalun and two remains,is finished in Western Han Dynasty.It shows that the influence of Five Classics and Erya on Neijing really exists.The author of Neijing is both medical scientist and linguist.They collect the information of works in Pre-Qin Period,which makes the spreading of medical terms.In other points,the author of Neijing did not use the terms in Five Classics and Erya or did not see them.When we are doing the textual research on the 59 terms in Five Classics and Erya,there are 48 terms extinct in Neijing,which accounts for 81.3%;there are 6 terms with new meanings,which accounts for 10.7%;there are 5 terms with no or tiny change, which accounts for 8.5%.2.There are three types of pathogeny according to the reasons to causethe illness,that is,the type of diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor,the type of diseases caused by internal injury,the type of diseases caused by other reasons.Diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor include illness for six evils and loemia;diseases caused by internal injury include illness for the three emotions,illness for diet and illness for excess tiredness; diseases caused by other reasons include illness for poisonous worm,illness for ghost,illness for disaster and illness for psychological elements.Illness for six evils only include coldness,temperature,hotness and hygropathy.Famine results in the loemia while the loemia becomes the pathogeny.Among the seven emotions nowadays,there are only three to mention in Five Classics and Erya. And the most are sorrow,worry and thinking.Diet mainly refers to hunger,which is different from the definition of drinking and eating irregularly;excess tiredness has 10 terms,which means the life in Pre-Qin Period is so severe and people at that time have no personal freedom.The physiological and the psychological pressure result in the short-time life in the ancient time mainly. But the connotation of excess tiredness is quite different from the present one. It is the first time to mention the excess indulgence will result in the illness in confusion of mind.This illness is the one that the emperor has most,which is the special group.To feel ashamed becomes one of the pathogeny,belonging to the psychological illness;Poisonous worms refers to the Gu poison.Illness for ghost shows that people in Pre-Qin Period admire ghost and believe the fate. They will make augury with turtles to find out the fact of all the obscure things because they think the ghost makes it.