The Resertch About Utopian Spirit In The New Period's Literature

Literature of the New Period has the Utopian spirit.Utopian literature includes sociology, culturology , aesthetics and other aspects of content.This paper attempts to study various forms of Utopian literature in the New Period from the culture study, analysis its theoretical basis, value consciousness and aesthetic characteristics and examine the social significance, cultural significance and aesthetic significance of the New Period's Utopian literature.Introduction:Utopia is a universal phenomenon in the history of Western ideas and literature. The decisive role should be a spiritual one in the deep level of the numerous and varied types of Utopian speech in the history. Utopian spirit refers to a universal psychological tendencies and values which exists in the human heart, and negation , idealism as well as the non-reality makes the three characteristics of Utopian spirit.IntheNewPeriod,socialist Utopian passionsubsidedafterthe foundation.Writers' subjective consciousness were awake, which made literature in the negative, critical function enhanced. At the same time, socialist Utopia is still affecting the creation , and makes literature of 80s have strong Utopian nature. First and foremost, Trauma Literature and Reflective Literature is theliterary trends. Authors on humanitarian grounds wrote the political pain and suffering during the Cultural Revolution, introducing the tragedy to the socialist system, brokethrough the concept of consciousness-shaped restrictions. But generally, it still cannot get rid of a single political thinking mode, which involves not only the reflection on reality, but also the belief in the ideal. After the mid-80s, intellectual's Utopian speech transferred from one type of political discourse to multi-cacophonous narrative, showing intellectuals the new pluralistic thinkingChapter 1 analyses the political Utopia .Utopia underwent major changes after the 20th century. The traditional, backward-looking Utopia turned to modern and forward-looking political Utopia. The later one is forward-looking, and it denies the existence of the perfect stage "golden age" that mankind in the past had experienced while put the hope of perfect world on the picture of the future, viewing that through the efforts of mankind the shortcomings in real world can be overcome to achieve a more complete and even the realm of perfection. Compared with the traditional Utopia, it contains the concept of progressive social history and the spirit of political idealism.In part of the creation of the New Period has the Utopian spirit .The New Period in the 20th century of Chinese history is a important turning point. Thanks to the nightmare of a decade, intellectuals began a comprehensive reflection. This reflection began from the first to face the political pain and suffering during the socialist period. The political pain and suffering takes on a tragic tone on aesthetic style. At the same time, the mood behind all of the sufferings, we can also feel a strong force the same as the sufferings. We can call it "hope principle", which reflects in the plot ,ending,death writing and shows a Utopian tones.Discovery of political suffering in the New Period partly due to awakening of intellectual self-consciousness. the writer began to respect the personal experience.realism is no longer understood as a simple interpretation of the current political line, but respect our own inner feelings, experiences and knowledge. The face of "suffering" brokethrough the constraint of the consciousness shaped during the Cultural Revolution, broke through the shackles of pseudo-realism after the founding, returned of the principle of literary identity of the "real photo" realism, but the "hope principle" is a sense that the spiritual connection between literature in the New Period and literature after the founding Country.This phenomenon reflects that writers complex cultural context and reality of the situation , it is the product of multi-cultural state of intellectuals in the transitional period. It is the process that intellectuals out of the mainstream ideology and make efforts to construct self-worth, it has a breakthrough, and there are also inherent paradox and conflict .Chapter 2 analyses the rural Utopia .Rural finding is an important element of literature in the 20th century. With the further emancipation of thinking after mid-80s, Rural literature's implication continuously expandde and deepened, in part of the Rural speech displaying a Utopian tones . In their text, native land has a spiritual meaning of the eternal home.It reflects the writers of the ideal imagination of social and personality.Firstly, Rural Utopia in the New Period has a significant change on the relationship between nature and man and shows a return trend to the tradition in the spirit of character, reflecting a natural culture spirit. Secondly, the Utopia has non-governmental culture spirit.Rural Utopia creat asense of local non-governmental world , different from political discourse in the state and the elite intellectuals, and the daily life has poetic description. Rural Utopia reflects the love knot of number of native born intellectuals, but in the historical process of urbanization, Rural Utopia inevitably shows mood of elegy.Rural Utopia has a special significance. On one hand, it shows a gradual wake-up independent intellectual position . Intellectuals try to reconstruct of an ideal society out of traditional political thought ;On the other hand, Rural Utopia also has its limitations that its backward-looking way of thinking determines its membrane with the real-life, which doomed to their ideal society dreamy colors.Chapter 3 analyses the love Utopia .After the mid-80s, the political dominant ideology weakened, and the socialist Utopia passion subsided, also intellectuals increasingly recognized the importance of self-worth, as well as personal subjectivity increased. Individuals started to break away from the national, ethnic and other communities establishing the self-worth .It is reflected in the Utopian literature , as an ideal form of life, from society's,political and cultural dimensions transition to the individual level. In part of the creation, love has become a new haven for some of the intellectuals.In the love Utopian writing, love is no longer a metaphor for political significance, but purely a matter of personal privacy world. It is linked with emotional and spiritual life of the individual requirements, describing the physical life and spiritual experience of passion, with a strong utopian. Love Utopia break restricted area during the Cultural Revolution. Utopia promotes a personal love , passionate love, eternal love. But romantic love shows a trend to the disillusionment soon.Love Utopia of The New Period has a special significance, showing a more complex cultural significance. On the one hand, it shows that intellectuals try to coustruct self-worth; On the other hand, the establishment of Utopian love and disillusionment experienced largly due to the stage loss of modern identity. It is the starting point rather than the end, that modern people, especially women, to establish an independent beginning.Chapter 4 analyses the Utopia of language.After the mid-80s, Utopia differentiated and in the part of writing Utopian tendencies appeared in the language. Language is not confined to transfer experience, feelings and knowledge and it has a more powerful force. It constructs a new world which is people's soul homeland by fictitious and imaginary. On the one hand, it resists social oppression with free spirit, on the other hand, it also contains a passion for transcending the dark reality and establishing an ideal world. Language Utopia adheres to the value of the dream with imagination and contributes to post-Utopia era a new way of thinking. It maintains the revolutionary nature in the language.It contains the force of the people, liberates people from the insignificant situation , and makes people achieve the self-sublimation.Chapter 5 analyses the religious Utopia.Religious culture has negative spirit and transcendent quality .In the New Period, the country's religious policies changed, religious freedom was respected.religion is no longer as a taboo and religious values are re-recognized. In the creation of some intellectuals, especially some minority writers, religion has become the new home where intellectuals want to settle down. Religious spirit started to affect literary creation. In the New Period, the writers with religious Utopian spirit can be roughly divided into several groups, including the group with Buddhistic background such as Tashi Dawa, Alai,TseringNorbu, etc. and the group with Islamic background such as Zhang ChengZhi, Wang ShuLi, Shi Shuqing, Cha Shun , etc. The effects of religious Utopian culture on them are mainly in two aspects: one is the perception of secular suffering and another is the yearning for the ultra-secular divine world. In the ideal world that they construct, divine strength shows the supreme authority, people show the divine perfect personality because of the conversion of religion, and human existence also shows a transcendent perfect.Conclusion : The New Period is a era when the Utopia lost its identity, but, more importantly, a era when its identity has been re-constructed, for the Utopia is deeply ingrained in the spiritual needs of human souls. While the Utopia has empowered the history of the literature, the literature itself has embedded two enlightening initiations from the Utopia: with the negation of Utopia it can examine the darkness,with the transcendent quality of Utopia it can regain grooming functions.