| Outer Mongolia is a term used during the late Qing Dynasty, referring to the Khalkha Khanates in north desert, and sometimes Khobdo and Tangnu-Uula Uriyanghai as well. In this dissertation, the term Outer Mongolia mainly refers to Khalkha Mongolians and several Erut tribes, the scope of which covers Kahlkha Mongolian, Khobdo, and Uriyanghai districts.The league banner system and the military government system, which had been carried out in Outer Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty, is an innovation on the basis of the old system, and a unique governing form created in accordance to this region's situation. The league banner system is an organization which combines administrative and military functions, and is the foundation of the Qing government's military administrative ruling in Outer Mongolia. The Jasak is in charge of each banner's administrative affairs. All the civil affairs are managed by the banner Jasak, then will be reported to the league chief, and then to Lifan Yuan (Court of Territorial Affairs) which will give the final adjudication. The military affairs are firstly administered by the Deputy General of each Khalkha Khanate, then will be submitted to Dingbianzuo Vice-general (the Left Vice-general for Pacifying Frontier) or the Huryee Executive Minister. Thus military affairs and administrative affairs are seperated. The centrally administered banner has a chief governor, while its military administrative affairs are directly controlled by Khobdo Counselor Minister or Dingbianzuo Vice- general. Based on the league-banner system, the power of this region's military affairs, foreign affairs, legislation, trade and business are held in the hands of the Khalkha Vice-general, Dingbianzuo Vice-general (Uliasutai General), Khobdo Counselor Minister and Huryee Executive Minister under the military government system. They are appointed by the Qing government with fixed official terms and are not able to form an autocratic ruling easily, which is beneficial to the stability and unity of this region. In addition to the comprehensive, detailed and systematic study on the Qing government's administrative system in Outer Mongolia, this dissertation explores the following issues.1. The Qing government's policy on the settlement of Jebtsundamba and his subordinates as well as followers during the Dolonnuur Meeting, upon which few scholars have elaborated.2. The retainment of Khalkha title is out of the Qing government's great reluctance, which explains why Khalkha III does not enjoy the official emolument until the 11th year of Emperor Yongzheng.3. The true reasons behind Qinggunzanbu's Cheyi Incident (the Post-Revocation Incident) are examined, justifying the Qing government's forbearance toward Khalkha.4. A comparison is made between Dingbianzuo Vice-general and Banner Garrison General. Many scholars point out that Dingbianzuo Vice-general is not an equivalence to Banner Garrison General but they seldom mention the reasons, which this dissertation expounds and clarifies in particular.5. An analysis is given about the Khalkha grassland disputes, which induce the Qing government's delimitation of grassland boundary in Khalkha.6. The conflicts for power between the Huryee Executive Minister and Dingbianzuo Vice-general eventually enable the Qing government to regain the power of Dingbianzuo Vice-general from the Celing family, divide Khalkha administratively, and delimit the grassland smoothly, actualizing for the first time the principle that grasslands should be allocated by the emperor.7. The Qing government's garrison issue in Outer Mongolia is discussed.8. A summary is presented upon the characteristics of the Qing government's administrative system in Outer Mongolia. It is with these characteristics that the Qing government achieves the purpose of making Outer Mongolia the Great Wall.
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