The Changes Of Ancient Traffic In Connected Regions Of Sichuan, Guizhou And Yunnan And The Influence

Since the Emperor Wu of Han governed the Xinanyi area, opening Wuchi corridor, Nanyi corridor and Lingguan corridor etc., adjacent areas of Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces became the outpost position to govern the Xinan frontier for successive feudal dynasties. Meanwhile, this area is also the transport corridor, culture corridor and nationality immigration corridor between Xinan frontier and Central Plains. The development of adjacent areas of Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces depends on the increase and decrease of the corridor position in a great degree. And the increase and decrease of the corridor's importance influences the historical development of Xinan frontier.The paper studies the corridor patterns between Xinan frontier and Central Plains from Qin and Han Dynasties to early Qing Dynasty by focusing on today's adjacent areas of Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces.Firstly, the paper studies the opening of the corridor between Xinan frontier and inland in Han, Jin and Nan dynasties and its influence and deems that Emperor Wu of Han dynasty governs the Xinanyi area by first constructing the corridor for looking for the corridor to DaXia and preparing for conquering Nanyue authority, but not for Xinan frontier's economic development value. Therefore, the major function of the corridor in adjacent areas of Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces is to guarantee the central government's control over Xinan's military and politics and provide convenience for paying tribute by frontier's ethnical tribes and frontier nations. The corridor pattern construction in Xinan area in West and East Han dynasties exerts important influence objectively. First, it promotes the social and economic development and forms the development pattern in space from north to south and first north then south. Secondly, it causes great influence on appearance of dignitary Han nationality. The distribution of dignitary Han nationality and social-economic development are isomorphic in space, i.e. mainly distribute in north-east of Dian along the corridor, north-west of Qian and east of Dian. Thirdly, it promotes the combination of Han and minority nationalities. The immigrants from south-west region embodies obvious times features in origins and trend in this period, i.e. the immigrants to Bashu are mostly from Central Plains and to Xinan yi area are mainly from Bashu region or via Bashu. The immigrants enter and distribute mainly along transport road and disseminate Han culture to Xinanyi area, so it exerts deep influence on nationality relation and combination. Finally, they combine into a new ethnic group called Baiman in Nan dynasty.Secondly, the paper studies the corridor situation, reasons and influence of changes in today's adjacent area of Dian, Chuan and Qian region in Tang and Song Dynasties. Generally, the Qingxiguan and Shimen corridors are still main corridor from Xinan to inland in early Tang Dynasty, but the corridor from Annan to Tianzhu is becoming international route gradually. But, because the political situation becomes worse and battles happen frequently between Tang and Nanzhao authorities, the two traditional corridors are destroyed seriously. Compared with Tang Dynasty, Xinan frontier's transport to outside in North and South Song dynasties is characterized with less transportation in north and north-west areas, some traditional passages decay and transport routes in east, west and south develop rapidly and have heavy transportation. The routes from Dali to Dufan and Xichuan decay a lot. The reasons are the followings. First, battles destruct the routes. Frequent battles and urgent political situation interrupt the traffic artificially and bring serious destruction to society and economics. Secondly, influence of complicated geopolitical relation in Xinan. Tang, Tufan and Nanzhao authorities fight frequently in Xinan region, especially Tang and Nanzhao fight and make peace alternately and cause great influence in the early period. In Song Dynasty because of the serious situation in north, the authority keeps a respectable distance and controls its diplomacy. It causes great influence on traffic situation of Qingxiguan and Shimen corridors. Thirdly, the political and economic center moves east and southward migrates and its influence.The corridor patterns via adjacent area of Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces change in Tang and Song Dynasty and cause deep influence. First, the space for agriculture economics reduces and animal husbandry expands in space obviously in adjacent area. Secondly, it causes complicated geopolitical relation in Xinan. Tang Dynasty and Tufan authorities fight frequently for military and political leadership. Nanshao stands between them and is courted by Tang and Fan authorities. Its political selection becomes the key to political situation in Xinan. After the collapse of Tang and Nanshao authorities, the political relation between Song and Dali authorities is cold for a long time. Dali authority and its govern area develop independently. Meanwhile, the independence of Annan makes south-east and Guangxi become the defense frontier. Thirdly, Wuman ethnic group in adjacent area develop rapidly and it causes great influence to nationality structure, relation and distribution in this area.Thirdly, the paper studies new corridor patterns via today's Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and its deep influence. The opening of corridor from Zhongqing to Huangping via Puan in Guizhou and it becomes the most favorite office route from Xinan frontier to inland and forms the transport pattern in Xinan region and has great significance. The change has significant background and causes multiple influences at that time. For example, it makes the immigration display distinguished features and influences, promotes economic development with great depth and width, especially mineral industry become a leading economic development in adjacent area, promotes Guizhou's strategy position and it become a province in Ming Dynasty and establishes political centers position of Dian and Qian provinces, influences the administration division, provinces boundary adjustment and identification and establishes the scales of three provinces in modern times, promotes the integration process between Xinan frontier and central government and stabilizes the Xinan frontier's situation.Finally, the paper summarizes the common points of corridors between Xinan frontier and inland:first, the most favorite corridor changes from north-south to west-east direction including the linking between adjacent area in Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces and inland from Qin and Han Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasty. Secondly, since the construction of the corridor its functions expands gradually, but political and military functions occupy leading position. Thirdly, because of the special and complicated geographical situation in this area, once the corridors have opened its direction and route changes less. Fourthly, feudal dynasties'governing strategies over Xinan frontier in inland and control degree in politics exert great influence on the corridor's situation and changes. Fifthly, the corridor patterns and changes via adjacent areas in Dian, Chuan and Qian provinces from Qin and Han dynasties brings complicated and various influence on the area and Xinan frontier's society and economics.