Study On Hu Yuan's Yi-ology

Hu Yuan's Yi-ology played an important role in the history of Chinese philosopy, promoting the transition of academic trend from the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies to the establishment of the Song and Ming Neo-Confucian. This paper is based on the special academic characteristics of Yi-ology, try to reveal the time meaning of the learning concerning heaven and humanity of Hu Yuan's Yi-ology, and to highlight thinking style and spirit in the transition of academic trend from the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies to the establishment of the Song and Ming Neo-Confucian.This thesis consists seven parts.In the introduction to this thesis, first of all, the review of the previous academic research on the related profile of Hu Yuan are given here.Furthermore, the causes and significance of the research on Hu Yuan's Yi-ology and the idea of writing and research methods are described.In view of Hu Yuan's important position in cultural history and the weak state of the current study, this article intends to study Hu Yuan's Yi-ology primarily based on the the special characteristics of Yi study,pay attention to the transformation of history and culture background, using hermeneutics and the research methods of combining history and logic to inspect.The first part of this thesis explores the time and academic background of Hu Yuan, describes his life and works.Instead of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the Song government had taken numerous measures to stabilize the regime, of which the policies of "inhiting force and encouraging learning" presents many favorable aspects:value of culture and education from rulers, continuously reform and improvement of examination system,the convenicence of cultural transmission.Though Song society is showing many new atmosphere conducive to cultural development, but there are also many social problems that can not be ignored:a lot of social ills are gradually exposed because of the unprecedented strengthening of the centralization, gradually intensified social conflicts, the constant intrusion of foreign national also making the dangerous social conditions of the Northern Song Dynasty. In this period, Confucianism still was facing the situation of coexiting with Buddhism and Taoism, but the academic atmosphere of the period contained the trend of revival of Confucianism:continuation of the literary movement from the middle of Tang Dynasty, the trend of suspecting Classics, the exclusion of the Buddhism and Taoism,which were driving the development of Confucianism.The second part illustrates the interpretation characteristics of Hu Yuan's Yi-ology. On the one hand, Hu Yuan shows the spirit of suspecting Classics. The collation and revision of the text of Zhouyi reflects his spirit of skepticism and criticism, but also demonstrates his firm value of integrity and rigorous learning, and the collation and revision were in connection with its deep foundation on learning of Classics, different from later shallow trend of suspecting Classics. On the other hand, Hu Yuan upheld basic way of studying Yi learning with the unity of image-number and principle.Hu Yuan constructed his Yi-ology on the basis of the previous achievemen of the learning of image-number of Zhouyi.His Yi learning was still based on the image-number style of Yizhuan. Gua Qi theory from Han Dynasty became his basic vision of Yi-ology.He also showed the using of Qua Bian theory.Wang Bi's Gua Zhu theory and Gua Shi theory appeared in his interpretation of Zhouyi.He valued the learning of number of Yi.Liang Ti theory was commonly used in his interpretation of Zhouyi.The third part discusses Hu Yuan's reconstruction of the contexts of Gua Qi theory in Yi learning.Hu Yuan inherited Gua Qi theory of sixty-four Qua which was significantly describled by Meng Xi and twelve hexagram line of Qian and Kun matching twelve months which was significantly describled by Gan Bao to symbolizing the changing of Yin and Yang in the universe,which establish the ultimate origin of carrying out various matters for social life. More importantly, Hu Yuan reconstructed the Qua Qi theory of matching "Yuan Heng Li Zhen" with four seasons,Wu Chang and rites-music and punishment-govemance in the founding of inhering context of Gua Qi theory,which became a solid theoretical foundation of his entire ideological system.So Hu Yuan's reconstruction of Qua Qi theory was an important pillar of his ideology.The fourth part of this thesis describes the rectifying of core values being a sage under the Qua Qi theory of Hu Yuan. Hu Yuan,who was in a specific historical cultural contexts,clearly put forward that there were Ti and its applications in the way of being a sage with value conciousness in thinking Ti and its applications and concerns on the social issues.His student LiuYi said:"There were Ti,its applications and works in the way of being a sage.The Ti was RenYi and rites-music,which never change. The works were the writing which ancestor left.The applications were making use of the Ti." Hu Yuan determined his vision of the value of humanity under the discussion of human nature and mind, building personality to pursue the ideal of life, his emphasis on cultivation of virtue and morality acquired not only highlight the theme of the value of human subjectivity, but also highlighted the important role of the virtue and morality in people individual life and social life. Meanwhile, Hu Yuan affirm the origin and heavenly basis of Rites-music under the context of Qua Qi theory, inherit the guiding role of Rites-music in social life of Han and Tang to renew the glow of vitality of ites-music in people's social life and individual life.So the core values of being a sage were recitied in the context of Gua Qi theory.The fifth part discusses the thought of applicationgs of the Core Values of Being a Sage under Qua Qi Theory of Hu Yuan.Hu Yuan, hold high the banner of morality of RenYi, put forth his strength to reconstruct the spirit of Rites-music to carry out the the core values of Rites-music to the TianXia. Therefore, he focused on the reconstruction of the consciousness of TianXia, put forth his strength to carrying out the way of being a teacher to make the Dao of king in real life true.He strictly illustracted the difference of public and private under the vision of the unity of heaven-human from his Gua Qi theory,stating what should do as a king and a minister,fixing the natural status of central government and minority government,which shows the the spirit of undertake TianXia of intellectual and the responsibility of society in the awareness of national culture and reflection and thingking of reconstuct the whole consciousness of TianXia.He focused on carrying out the Dao of teaching from the top down, both maitaining the king should learn from gentleman who has high moral level and talent, and valuing the educational business with the general public, confirming each person's value consciousness and moral subjectivity to praise the humanities spirit of moral rational, which led the North Song teaching movement flourished. Hu Yuan very concerned on the specific application of the Dao of king in real life praising highly of the idea of the Dao of king from pre-Qin.He not only valued the way of rites-music and punishment-govemance which were the necessity of carrying out the Dao of king,but also hope those in power to help the implementation.Finally he set his sights on the spirit of concerning the TianXia of the majority.Those various specific implementation of carrying out the Dao of king, reflected the reflection and thinking of Hu Yuan who wanted to solve social issues, which embodies the specific implementation of the spirit of MingTiDaYong.The conclusion of this thesis briefly summarizes the important role in the history of thought which Hu Yuan's Yi-ology played. Hu Yuan's Yi-ology had significant effect in the history of the development of Yi learning.He saw the main function on the state's politics that the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies had, interested in restoring the leading role in national political that the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies palyed, so he had set the ideal of the Dao of king in a strong sense of the consciousness of TianXia. But he clearly saw the disadvantages of the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies. So he was different from the Comfician in Han and Tang Dynasty, abandoned the irrational spirit of ZaiYi and Chen Wei, as the image-numberology which constantly went to extremes have also been abandoned, and attempted to restore the rational consciousness of subiect in value in place of the spirit of religion.He also made a chioce in inheriting image-numberology of Han and Tang Dynasty, the reconstruction of Gua Qi theory was an important feature. Hu Yuan, as it not only had achievement in the inheritance and development of image-numberology, to had effort in the pioneering and development of Yi of meaning-pattern is also denied. Hu Yuan's principles and methods of interpretation of ZhouYi affect the later experts in Yi studies especially Chen Yi. Chen Yi learned from Hu Yuan in the aspect of the subject of Yi learning,the style of interpretion and specific interpretation.However, Hu Yuan's stress on political acting under the conciousness of TianXia was not inherited by Cheng Yi. Cheng Yi instead focused on the the development of individual inside.From the perspective of the transition of academic trend from the Han and Tang Dynasty style of the Confucian Classics studies to the.establishment of the Song and Ming Neo-Confucian, Hu Yuan's ideas can not be overlooked. First, Hu Yuan's spirit of MingTiDaYong had a profond and lasting influence, which was generally uphold by the later confucian to make the thinking of Hu Yuan forward, playing an important role in the development of Chinese academic thought. Second, Hu Yuan's the thought of Mind-Heaven promoted the development of the ontology of human nature and mind. Again, the ideological tendency of Hu Yuan promoted the process of transition from studying on WuJing to SiShu. Finally, Hu Yuan's concerning of the TianXia contains the constant pursuit and study of the value of individual life.