Short-term Correlation Study Of Cognitive And Neural Mechanisms Of Memory Error

False short-term memory has special impact on human life. Why memory illusion occur in sevaral second and What is the mechanism? This dissertation explores the characteristics and the mechanism of false related recognition in short-term memory (false short-term memory) by five experiments.Experiment1examines the existance of false short-term memory by short DRM task and finds that short memory task can evoke false memory due to semantic fluency and failure of monitor. Two categories of effects were identified that distinguished true from false short-term memory:Early semantic priming effects from300to500ms and later retrieval and retrieval-monitoring effects after500ms.Experiment2finds that false short-term memory decreased but still existed without the maths interference task. So the maths interference task is not the key of the apperance of false short-term memory.Experiment3controls the delay interval factor to detect the difference of false short-term memory and long-term memory. There are some ERP difference in the semantic fluency and failure of monitor between short and long delay interval which reveals the semantic fluency mechanism is similar between short and long-term memory, even the false recognition increases in long delay interval, but monitor is different.Experiment4is focusing on the suppression of false short-term memory. At retrieval, probes were presented with paired including the paired related lures condition, the related lure&target conditon and the related lure&unrelated lure condition. Participants overwhelmingly chose the correct target rather than its related lure when given the option to do so. This result is due to increased access to stored details provided by reinstatement of the originally encoded details, rather than to increased attention to the details. These results suggest that details needed for accurate recognition are, to a large extent, still stored in memory and that a critical factor determining whether false recognition will occur is whether these details can be accessed to improve monitoring during retrieval. These results enrich the Fuzzy Trace Theory.Experiment5discusses the effect of reinstatement of originally encoded information on false short-term memory. The result suggests that false memory doesn't depends on the reinstatement of originally encoded information but accurate memory does, especiallly P2(200-300ms).These results indicate the dependence of semantic gist information is the main reason of false short-term memory.All in all, this dissertation focus on the influence factors of the retention and the retrieval phase to explore the mechanism, characteristics and suppression condition of false short-term memory. The results indicate false recognition can exist in short memory task because of fuctional of semantic information organization not memoery overload and passive deficiency of memory due to information decrease. Even though details needed for accurate recognition does not disappear, false recognition does exist and be suppressed by reinstatement of the originally encoded details, which reveals the flexibility and adaption of human memory.