Psychodynamic System And The Teleological Principle Of Psychology

The crisis of psychology was discussed at different levels. It shows that the differentiation and fragmentation of this principle is the surface phenomena of crisis. The differentiation and fragmentation of the principle result from the subject losing its identity, so psychology falls in crisis. That is to say, as a subject about human nature, psychology is not to build their own discipline system in accordance with the human characteristics, but direct the use of methodology and the subject evaluation system of natural science-it's on the basis of the research about object, which makes the psychology is not in accordance with its original institute to develop itself. On the on hand, the inappropriate between the method and the object leads to mainstream of psychology's insdeguate explanation of integral human mental; On the other hand, the effectiveness of interpretation on human nature from non-mainstream psychology make the subject further into the deep crisis of identity. Therefore, the essence of the crisis is that, psychology, as a broader knowledge field, is restricted in paradigm and structure of the natural science which leads to the identity confusion. With "theoretical identity" to illustrate special theoretical connotation and academic borders of psychology, then, the psychology healthy development depends on its establishment of theoretical identity.In the history of subject, psychology has been defined as the part of human's efforts to explore their own. As an independent subject the modern psychology come from the blind spot between the theoretical research of human nature and the experience field about human's natural attribute. As an independent subject, the starting point and value of psychology is the uniqueness of the academic mission and transcendence of human nature. Human nature's transcendence lies in owning the reflection ability to the behavioral consequences consciously. Thus the humans have free will which transcends that of things and personalization in limited freedom. Objective experimental research model of natural science is built on the non-individualized of the research object, which is based on objective object without free will. Therefore, based on the exterior description and signalizing interpretation about the nature things, natural science can be realized on the explanation and prediction of the natural world. However, because of the difference between physical property and human nature, the mechanical causal determinism principle (which applies to science) does not apply to psychology. Although human psychological phenomenon and behavior can be analyzed at different levels in psychology, the individual is always an irreducibly natural unit, and the analysis on any level will eventually have to return to the individual person. The reason of mental phenomenon and behavior can be explained from different points of view, but people, as an individual antity who is the ultimate arbiter of behavior. Therefore, the mechanical causal determinism can not complete the tasks to study human nature. Psychology needs the teleological principle of suiting humanity itself, which takes behavior as the expression of the individual will. Unless understanding behavior from the individual's will perspective, or behavior could not be correctly explained. Therefore, as an experience science about human nature, psychology only to complete their academic mission and realize its value through the teleological principle.Then, how is psychology lose its identity? As an independent subject, Modern psychology is generated based on two mutually antagonistic forces:the need of the human self-consciousness development and the prevalence of scientism in the context of the development of Modern Natural Science. Considering the two antagonism forces and its influences on psychology, subject's founders, Wundt and James, could not establish systematic psychology. But Freud got rid of the bondage of "Scientism" and established the unified system. In later history of psychology, the two forces became two cultures:in order to pursue the formal scientific nature, mainstream of psychology took objective experimental paradigm as the only kind methods and explained human mental phenomenon with exterior description regardless of humanity's particularity; Non-mainstream humanistic psychology was trying to balance the characteristic of object and diversification of method, and constructed the discipline concept and methodology according to true humanity. But because of the non-scientific procedure and method, humanistic psychology was rejected by the mainstream psychology. Therefore, psychology has been divided. However, taking science as the same aim, why did natural science achieve prosperity by scientific methods and mainstream psychology lose its theoretical identity? Based on the study on original meaning of scientific", we found that, natural science flourished resulting from the guide of "spirit of science" and established the suitable scientific method and scientific notion according to the physical property; psychology was lost in the achievements of natural science:it subject to the concept of "Scientism" and direct transplant the natural science research model and take the research form of natural science as the nature and the standard of science without reflection upon the mission and the specialties of the objects, thereby making itself into crisis. For Natural Sciences, research method is based on the purpose and it's consistence with its aim; however, there isn't the internal consistency between method and purpose in psychology. Because of the difference between" method" and" objective", psychology has been in crisis. To become a "genuinely" science, psychology must be under the guidance of "scientific spirit" and rethink its object's character, and establish suitable methodology and discipline concept. Therefore, as exploring human nature science in experience level, psychology must explore human mental phenomenon according to the nature of human and then may have healthy development.Man is not only the subject matter of psychology, but also the object of psychology, therefore, psychology should be based on the thinking of human nature to establish its own object view (view of human nature) and construct their own discipline concept and methodology under the guidance of the human nature view. Therefore, as human science, psychology's unique value is to realize the human interpretation through exploring the man in specific space-time. Human nature view is at the core position in systematic psychology theory. Morphology of psychology converting from philosophy to science means the exploring of human nature changes from thinking to experience, hence, how does psychology realize the exploration of human nature from the view of experience? In the aspect of experience, human nature is activities, which performed human behavior behind the subject's will. Therefore, description of human nature in psychology is the portrait of the performance of "human image". And the "human image" can just be described through the individual psychological dynamic characteristics, namely depict one image portray through plantain behavior from the individual's will. Therefore, theory of human nature is explained based on systematically interpreting of the motivation in psychology. In psychology, motivation theory is the agent the human nature theory.Solution to crisis in Psychology depends on getting its theoretical identity and seting up the genuine theory of human nature. According to genuine human nature, psychological explanation principle should be the teleological principle based on introspective depiction and symbolic interpretation of human mental phenomena. Therefore, theory of human nature in psychology performs as "human image" through interpreting motivation system. Motivation is the fundamental position in psychology.